Evidence mapPaperPMID 42011283Full record

ReviewHealth science reports2026

Disparities in Low-Birth-Weight Prevalence Across Kenya: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Maternal, Demographic, and Socioeconomic Risk Factors.

Wusa Makena, Monday Nwankwo, Aisha Idris, Onyinoyi Bethel Onimisi, Moses Sunday Adefisayo, Patrick Maduabuchi Aja, Ibe Michael Usman, Elna Owembabazi, Elizabeth Bassy Umoren, Ilemobayo Victor Fasogbon and 2 more

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Health science reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Wusa MakenaDepartment of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences Kampala International University, Western Campus Bushenyi Western Region Uganda.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9743-7844
Monday NwankwoDepartment of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences Federal University Lafia Lafia Nigeria.
Aisha IdrisDepartment of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine Kaduna State University Kaduna Nigeria.
Onyinoyi Bethel OnimisiDepartment of Human Anatomy Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto Sokoto State Nigeria.
Moses Sunday AdefisayoWorld Health Organization United Nations House Abuja Nigeria.
Patrick Maduabuchi AjaDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences Kampala International University, Western Campus Bushenyi Uganda.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7805-9027
Ibe Michael UsmanDepartment of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences Kampala International University, Western Campus Bushenyi Western Region Uganda.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6624-1286
Elna OwembabaziDepartment of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences Kampala International University, Western Campus Bushenyi Western Region Uganda.
Elizabeth Bassy UmorenDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences Kampala International University, Western Campus Bushenyi Uganda.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5952-7497
Ilemobayo Victor FasogbonDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences Kampala International University, Western Campus Bushenyi Uganda.
Onyinye Vivian OjiakorDepartment of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences Kampala International University, Western Campus Bushenyi Western Region Uganda.
Chinyere Nkemjika AnyanwuDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences Kampala International University, Western Campus Bushenyi Uganda.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background and Aims: Low birth weight (LBW) persistently poses a substantial public health risk throughout Kenya, most intensely within lower-middle-income groups. The research aimed at determining the prevalence of LBW in Kenya while conducting an evaluation of maternal and sociodemographic factors related to its development. A systematic review of observational studies (cross-sectional and cohort) was conducted to assess LBW prevalence together with risk factors. Methods: The research utilized multiple databases to run a thorough literature search in accordance with PRISMA guidelines from 2000 up to November 2024. The research included sixteen studies that satisfied the established criteria. A random-effects model was utilized to evaluate both LBW prevalence as well as risk factor prevalence levels. The statistical approach for assessing heterogeneity consisted of both Cochran's Q-test and the I² statistic. The study analyzed variation by using subgroup assessments together with meta-regression evaluation methods. Results: Research findings indicated a combined prevalence of 11.7% (95% CI: 8.9%-15.1%) for LBW in Kenya alongside significant variability (I² = 98%). Mothers without formal education demonstrated the peak rate of 13.2% LBW, while mothers with tertiary education showed the lowest LBW rate at 8.5%. Rates of Low birth weight demonstrated a connection with birth order position since sixth or higher birth order infants, along with first-born infants, presented greater LBW risk (8.6% and 8.1%) than fourth or fifth order delivery (5.9%). Conclusions: This systematic review and meta-analysis confirm that LBW, with a prevalence of 11.7% in Kenya, remains a major issue that varies by region and maternal factors. The most at-risk are uneducated mothers and firstborns of high birth order. There should be region-specific policies to improve maternal health services and quality prenatal care. Additionally, promoting female education is crucial to reducing LBW and its long-term impacts.

Indexed as

Kenyalow birth weightmeta‐analysisprevalencesociodemographic

Identifiers

PMID42011283
PMCPMC13092218

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.