ReviewEuropean journal of neurology2026
Understanding Lifestyle Dissonance: A Neurobiological Narrative to Strengthen Preventive Health Behavior.
Review in European journal of neurology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundNoncommunicable diseases are the leading cause of death and disability worldwide, although many of their detrimental health effects can be prevented by lifestyle changes. Despite growing public and individual recognition of the importance of prevention, adherence to recommended measures is limited. We refer to this discrepancy between knowledge and action, specifically in relation to preventive lifestyle behavior, as lifestyle dissonance.
methodsThis paper presents a narrative synthesis and aims to provide a conceptual framework for communication with patients and the public that includes neurobiological and evolutionary perspectives. It discusses interactions between neural reward systems, executive control mechanisms, and contemporary environmental triggers, including nutrition, exercise, sleep, and stress, as examples of the six pillars of lifestyle medicine.
resultsWe propose that lifestyle dissonance can serve as a didactic label in communication with patients and the public to explain the mismatch between evolved neural mechanisms and the modern environment. Rather than a sole failure of willpower, non-adherence to preventive lifestyle measures is partly founded in a conflict within neural circuitry. Patient education regarding the brain's underlying processes and their influence on behavior has the potential to enable individuals to actively redesign their actions, train their reward systems, and thus reinforce healthy behavior.
conclusionIntegrating a narrative on neurobiological mechanisms into public health and clinical practice strategies should thus be aimed at helping bridge the gap between intention and sustainable preventive behavior. This conceptual framework provides a basis for supporting patients and the public in achieving lifestyle goals and improving the effectiveness of preventive measures.
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