Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42016206›Full record

ArticleCardiology research2026

Hydroxychloroquine Attenuates Atherosclerosis in Apolipoprotein E Knockout Mice: Role of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase and Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1-Alpha.

Eirini Poulakida, Maria Ioannou, Dimitrios Sagris, Erietta Polychronopoulou, Peter K Makaritsis, Spiros Georgopoulos, Andrew Xanthopoulos, Evangelos Kouvaras, Kassiani Kapatou, Eftichia Asprodini and 5 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Cardiology research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Eirini PoulakidaDepartment of Medicine & Research Laboratory of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, National Expertise Center of Greece in Autoimmune Liver Diseases, General University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece.
Maria IoannouDepartment of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.
Dimitrios SagrisDepartment of Medicine & Research Laboratory of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, National Expertise Center of Greece in Autoimmune Liver Diseases, General University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece.
Erietta PolychronopoulouDepartment of Medicine & Research Laboratory of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, National Expertise Center of Greece in Autoimmune Liver Diseases, General University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece.
Peter K MakaritsisDepartment of Medicine & Research Laboratory of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, National Expertise Center of Greece in Autoimmune Liver Diseases, General University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece.
Spiros GeorgopoulosBiomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece.
Andrew XanthopoulosDepartment of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.
Evangelos KouvarasDepartment of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.
Kassiani KapatouDepartment of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.
Eftichia AsprodiniLaboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.
Ioannis A NanasDepartment of Obstetrics & Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Science, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece.
Athanasios KonstantinidisHellenic Republic, Region of Thessaly, Division of Veterinary Medicine, Larissa, Greece.
George Κ KoukoulisDepartment of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.
George Ν DalekosDepartment of Medicine & Research Laboratory of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, National Expertise Center of Greece in Autoimmune Liver Diseases, General University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece.
Konstantinos P MakaritsisDepartment of Medicine & Research Laboratory of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, National Expertise Center of Greece in Autoimmune Liver Diseases, General University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: We aimed to test the effect of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) treatment on atherosclerosis and plasma lipids in apolipoprotein E deficient (ApoE Methods: Forty-seven (47) mice were divided into two treatment groups: an HCQ group administered 10 mg/kg/day in drinking water for 16 weeks and a control group with no HCQ. All mice were maintained on a standard chow diet containing 5% fat and had free access to water. At 32 weeks of age, blood was drawn for plasma lipid determination and the proximal aorta was removed to measure the atherosclerotic area and evaluate the expression of eNOS and HIF-1α by immunohistochemistry. Results: The HCQ group consisted of 16 mice (10 males, six females), while the control group consisted of 31 mice (17 males, 14 females). HCQ significantly reduced the atherosclerotic area (mm Conclusion: HCQ reduces aortic atherosclerosis in ApoE

Indexed as

Apolipoprotein E deficient miceAtherosclerosisEndothelial nitric oxide synthaseHydroxychloroquineHypoxia-inducible factor-1 alphaLipids

Identifiers

PMID42016206
PMCPMC13094136

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.