Evidence mapPaperPMID 42016242Full record

ArticleFood science & nutrition2026

The Relationship Between a Low-Carbohydrate Diet and the Prevalence of Diabetic Kidney Disease in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Wuyu Gao, Rong Ma, Hui Gu, Xue Zhang, Hao Liu, Mao Xiao, Zhuoxing Li, Yiting Wang, Yun Sun, Xiang Xiao

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Article in Food science & nutrition, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

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No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Wuyu GaoDepartment of Nephrology People's Hospital of Xindu District Chengdu China.
Rong MaPeople's Hospital of Xindu District Chengdu China.
Hui GuDepartment of Nephrology People's Hospital of Xindu District Chengdu China.
Xue ZhangDepartment of Nephrology People's Hospital of Xindu District Chengdu China.
Hao LiuDepartment of Nephrology People's Hospital of Xindu District Chengdu China.
Mao XiaoDepartment of Nephrology People's Hospital of Xindu District Chengdu China.
Zhuoxing LiDepartment of Nephrology People's Hospital of Xindu District Chengdu China.
Yiting WangDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming China.
Yun SunDepartment of Nephrology People's Hospital of Xindu District Chengdu China.
Xiang XiaoDepartment of Nephrology People's Hospital of Xindu District Chengdu China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9714-9543

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) affects over 40% of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), yet effective preventive strategies remain limited. Although low-carbohydrate dietary (LCD) shows promise in glycemic control, their association with DKD prevalence is poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between LCD adherence and DKD risk in a nationally representative T2DM population. 4558 adults with T2DM from the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were included (NHANES, 2009-2018). LCD adherence was quantified using the validated Low-Carbohydrate Diet Score (LCDS, range 0-30), calculated from two 24-h dietary recalls. DKD was defined as albumin-to-creatinine ratio ≥ 30 mg/g or estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60 mL/min/1.73 m

Indexed as

DKDlow‐carbohydrate dietarylow‐carbohydrate dietary scoreNHANESrisk factorT2DM

Identifiers

PMID42016242
PMCPMC13093690

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.