Evidence mapPaperPMID 42016254Full record

ReviewFood science & nutrition2026

Camel Milk as a Functional Food: Nutritional Composition, Health-Promoting Benefits, and Safety Considerations.

Gudisa Bereda, Subasini Uthirapathy, Javed Ahamad

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Food science & nutrition, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Gudisa BeredaDepartment of Pharmacy Marie Stopes International Ethiopia (MSIE) Ambo Ethiopia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5982-9601
Subasini UthirapathyDepartment of Pharmacology Tishk International University Erbil Iraq.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1250-388X
Javed AhamadDepartment of Pharmacognosy Tishk International University Erbil Iraq.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9445-5879

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Camel milk is a nutrient-rich functional food traditionally consumed in arid regions, containing bioactive proteins, peptides, exosomes, vitamins, minerals, and insulin-like compounds. It has therapeutic, physiological, and nutritional benefits but may carry zoonotic risks. This review evaluated both the health benefits and potential microbial and zoonotic risks of camel milk. Preclinical, clinical, and epidemiological studies from 2000 to 2025 were included. Studies reporting intervention type, sample size, duration, health outcomes, or safety considerations were included. The findings were synthesized qualitatively. This review showed that camel milk (200-500 mL/day or 10 g powder BID, 2-14 weeks) improves glycemic control in Type 2 diabetes by lowering fasting and postprandial glucose, HbA1c, and plasma insulin. In children with autism, regular consumption of camel milk enhances behavioral, social, and gastrointestinal outcomes by reducing inflammatory cytokines. Preclinical studies show that camel milk exerts cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, chemopreventive, antiobesity, and antiaging effects through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Additionally, camel milk improves hemoglobin levels, supports growth, and promotes beneficial gut microbiota. It is derived probiotics and exosomes provide antimicrobial, anticancer, and immunomodulatory effects, and they are safe and well-tolerated in children. However, concerns related to raw camel milk consumption, including microbial contamination and zoonotic transmission, warrant careful consideration. Camel milk provides nutritional and therapeutic benefits, enhanced by probiotics and bioactive derivatives. However, unpasteurized milk may carry zoonotic pathogens and must be handled carefully.

Indexed as

bioactive compoundscamel milkfunctional foodhealth benefitsnutritional compositionsafetytherapeutic effects

Identifiers

PMID42016254
PMCPMC13093688

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.