Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42016551›Full record

ReviewGlobal challenges (Hoboken, NJ)2026

Biomimetic and Bioinspired Materials: Design Strategies, Mechanical Properties, and Engineering Applications-A Review.

Manickaraj Karuppusamy, Sivasubramanian Palanisamy, Mahesh Gurusamy, Vijaya Prakash Balasubramanian, Manivannan Jayamani, Subramanian Lakshmi Sankar, Karthikayan Sundararajan, Gokulkumar Sivanantham, Syed Kashif Ali, Murugesan Palaniappan and 2 more

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Global challenges (Hoboken, NJ), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Manickaraj KaruppusamyDepartment of Mechanical Engineering CMS College of Engineering and Technology Coimbatore Tamil Nadu India.
Sivasubramanian PalanisamyDepartment of Mechanical Engineering School of Engineering Mohan Babu University Tirupati Andhra Pradesh India.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1926-4949
Mahesh GurusamyS.K.TECHNOLOGYS, Guru Industrial Park, Ranga Nagar D Block Coimbatore Tamil Nadu India.
Vijaya Prakash BalasubramanianDepartment of Mechanical Engineering Dhanalakshmi Srinivasan College of Engineering Coimbatore Tamil Nadu India.
Manivannan JayamaniDepartment of Mechanical Engineering Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education Krishnankoil Tamil Nadu India.
Subramanian Lakshmi SankarDepartment of Mechanical Engineering Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology Chennai Tamil Nadu India.
Karthikayan SundararajanDepartment of Mechanical Engineering School of Engineering Mohan Babu University Tirupati Andhra Pradesh India.
Gokulkumar SivananthamDepartment of Mechanical Engineering KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology Coimbatore Tamil Nadu India.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1267-382X
Syed Kashif AliDepartment of Physical Sciences Chemistry Division College of Science Jazan University Jazan Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Murugesan PalaniappanDepartment of Mechanical Engineering College of Engineering Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU) Riyadh Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6864-6439
Mezigebu BelayDepartment of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering College of Engineering Ethiopian Defence University Bishoftu Ethiopia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7620-1701
Mohamed AbbasElectrical Engineering Department College of Engineering King Khalid University Abha Saudi Arabia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3141-2900

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The field of biomimetic and bioinspired materials has progressed rapidly by drawing inspiration from nature's intricate structures and multifunctional systems in order to address pressing challenges in modern engineering. This review critically examines the mechanical performance of these materials, focusing on their hierarchical design principles, synthesis strategies, and versatility of application. Natural exemplars such as nacre, spider silk, and bone are emphasized, as their structural efficiency and functional adaptability have informed the development of synthetic analogues with superior strength, toughness, flexibility, and lightweight characteristics. The review also highlights advanced fabrication methods, such as additive manufacturing and precision chemical synthesis, which have enabled researchers to replicate the complexity of nature with ever-greater accuracy. Key case studies demonstrate how bioinspired strategies have been translated into high-performance materials for use in the aerospace, construction, and biomedical sectors. The review also discusses challenges related to scalability, reproducibility, and industrial integration. Finally, the review outlines emerging interdisciplinary approaches that are set to further enhance the mechanical properties and practical relevance of biomimetic materials, establishing them as transformative solutions for the next generation of engineering systems.

Indexed as

bioinspired designbiomimetic materialsengineering applicationsmechanical performancesynthesis techniques

Identifiers

PMID42016551
PMCPMC13093749

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.