Evidence mapPaperPMID 42018787Full record

SynthesisArquivos brasileiros de cardiologia2026

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapies for Heart Failure in Brazil: A Systematic Review.

Guilherme Augusto Reissig Pereira, Mariana de Castro Lopes, Bernardo Ludwig Dama, Carisi Anne Polanczyk, Eduardo Gehling Bertoldi

Abstract readSystematic Review
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Guilherme Augusto Reissig PereiraHospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS - Brasil.ORCID 0000-0001-7833-2994
Mariana de Castro LopesHospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS - Brasil.ORCID 0000-0002-7311-4370
Bernardo Ludwig DamaFaculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPEL), Pelotas, RS - Brasil.
Carisi Anne PolanczykPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Cardiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS - Brasil.
Eduardo Gehling BertoldiPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Cardiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS - Brasil.ORCID 0000-0001-7290-0348

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Heart failure (HF) is among the leading causes of cardiovascular mortality in Brazil. In 2021, costs attributable to HF exceeded R$ 22 billion in the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS). The incorporation of new therapeutic technologies increases the need for cost-effectiveness analyses. To perform a systematic review of economic analyses related to pharmacological and nonpharmacological therapies for HF in Brazil. Searches was conducted in the PubMed, Embase, LILACS, and SciELO databases. Brazilian studies that evaluated costs and cost-effectiveness of therapies in HF were included. The analyzed outcomes were disease cost, cost per quality-adjusted life years (QALY), and cost per clinical outcome. A total of 25 studies were included. Cost-effectiveness analyses used willingness-to-pay thresholds derived from gross domestic product per capita, according to recommendations of the National Committee for Health Technology Incorporation in the Brazilian Unified Health System. From the SUS perspective, in patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction, spironolactone and eplerenone were cost-effective, with incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICER) in international dollars (Int$) of 7,955/QALY and Int$ 6,459/QALY, respectively. Dapagliflozin and sacubitril-valsartan showed ICERs of Int$ 9,000/QALY and Int$ 11,691/QALY, respectively, and were also considered cost-effective. Cardiac resynchronization therapy was classified as highly cost-effective (ICER Int$ 15,723/QALY), whereas the implantable cardioverter-defibrillator for primary prevention did not demonstrate cost-effectiveness (ICER Int$ 50,345/QALY). Several HF interventions show economic attractiveness. However, most technologies were evaluated in only one study, which limits more robust analyses. Expanding national economic studies is necessary to support access to effective therapies while maintaining the sustainability of the health system.

Indexed as

Cost-Benefit AnalysisHeart FailureBrazilCost-Effectiveness AnalysisHumansQuality-Adjusted Life Years

Identifiers

PMID42018787
PMCPMC13128211

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.