ArticleMolecular metabolism2026
A novel mouse model for cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome: Bridging metabolic, renal and cardiac dysfunction.
Article in Molecular metabolism, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundCKM syndrome involves obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2D), chronic kidney disease (CKD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, most preclinical models fail to reproduce the progressive renal and cardiac dysfunction characteristic of advanced CKM syndrome, limiting their ability to accurately reflect human disease.
methodsMale uninephrectomized (UNx) KK-Ay mice received a high-fat diet (HFD) with or without the vasoconstrictor L-NNA for 13-16 weeks.
resultsUNx + HFD + L-NNA resulted in obesity, hyperglycemia and progressive kidney failure, indicated by a rapid increase in albuminuria and transient hyperfiltration followed by progressive glomerular filtration rate (GFR) decline over three months. Histopathological analysis revealed severe glomerular damage, fibrosis, inflammation and basement membrane thickening, most pronounced in UNx + HFD + L-NNA mice. Renal transcriptomics analysis revealed robust activation of inflammatory and fibrotic pathways, again most pronounced in UNx + HFD + L-NNA mice. In the heart, UNx + HFD + L-NNA resulted in increased ejection fraction and fractional shortening, reduced end-systolic volume and increased left ventricular posterior wall thickness. Alongside pronounced right ventricular fibrosis, this phenotype points toward a phenotype of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF).
conclusionsThe UNx + HFD + L-NNA KK-Ay model reproduces key metabolic, renal and cardiac components of CKM syndrome. While obesity and hyperglycemia contribute substantially to disease burden, L-NNA-induced hypertension further exacerbates both renal decline and cardiac remodeling. Therefore, this model enables mechanistic investigation and evaluation of therapeutic strategies for CKM syndrome.
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