Evidence mapPaperPMID 42022751Full record

ReviewRegenerative biomaterials2026

Mitochondria-targeted nanotechnology in cardiovascular diseases: a review of recent advances.

Sijia Sun, Manxiang Wu, Pengli Zhang, Linglin Sun, Wenjing Zhong, Sisi Zheng, Yanjin Li, Jianbin Li, Qiang Li

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Regenerative biomaterials, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Sijia SunDepartment of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China.
Manxiang WuDepartment of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China.
Pengli ZhangDepartment of Radiology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
Linglin SunDepartment of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China.
Wenjing ZhongDepartment of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China.
Sisi ZhengDepartment of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China.
Yanjin LiDepartment of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China.
Jianbin LiDepartment of Radiology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
Qiang LiDepartment of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8686-0890

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of global mortality, with mitochondrial dysfunction serving as a central pathological hub in conditions such as atherosclerosis, myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury and heart failure. Current mitochondrial-regulating drugs are severely limited by low bioavailability, short duration of action, poor targeting specificity and off-target effects, highlighting an urgent need for precise delivery systems. Nanocarriers, with tunable physicochemical properties and surface functionalization potential, enable hierarchical targeting of diseased cardiac tissues and mitochondria, offering a novel solution to overcome these limitations. Preclinical models have shown promising efficacy, particularly in alleviating oxidative stress damage in ischemic cardiomyopathy, improving energy metabolism in heart failure and promoting tissue repair. These encouraging results have sparked growing interest in the application of nanomaterials for mitochondrial-targeted diagnosis and treatment of CVDs. This review first outlines the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in CVD pathogenesis, covering impaired oxidative phosphorylation, excessive reactive oxygen species production, disrupted mitochondrial dynamics and defective mitophagy. It, then, focuses on the design strategies of nanotherapeutics based on a hierarchical targeting concept, encompassing the selection of biocompatible carriers, optimization of size and morphology, tissue or cell-specific targeting modifications, mitochondrial ligand modifications, as well as the loading and therapeutic mechanisms of various therapeutic agents. Furthermore, it provides an in-depth analysis of key physiological barriers such as hemodynamic shear stress, endothelial barrier and extracellular matrix hindrance, along with intracellular trafficking challenges including lysosomal escape and immune clearance, which all impact delivery efficiency. This review aims to offer insights to advance the rational development and clinical translation of mitochondria-targeted nanomedicines for CVDs.

Indexed as

cardiovascular diseasesdelivery efficiencydesign strategymitochondria-targeted nanotechnology

Identifiers

PMID42022751
PMCPMC13095658

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.