Evidence mapPaperPMID 42024000Full record

ReviewACS biomaterials science & engineering2026

Chitosan-Based Nanoparticles for Nose-to-Brain Drug Delivery: A Real Path toward Effective CNS Therapy?

Lorena R Riani, Gustavo F B Seno, Dominique M Silva, Cibele R Toledo, Mayara R B Paiva, Júlia S Santos, Rodrigo L Fabri, Frederico Pittella, Guilherme D Tavares

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in ACS biomaterials science & engineering, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Lorena R RianiPostgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais 36036-900, Brazil.ORCID 0000-0002-1847-2132
Gustavo F B SenoFaculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais 36036-900, Brazil.
Dominique M SilvaPostgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais 36036-900, Brazil.
Cibele R ToledoPostgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais 36036-900, Brazil.
Mayara R B PaivaFaculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais 36036-900, Brazil.
Júlia S SantosDepartment of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais 36036-900, Brazil.
Rodrigo L FabriPostgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais 36036-900, Brazil.
Frederico PittellaPostgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais 36036-900, Brazil.
Guilherme D TavaresPostgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais 36036-900, Brazil.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Treating central nervous system (CNS) disorders remains a major clinical challenge. The blood-brain barrier (BBB), systemic toxicity, and first-pass metabolism are key obstacles. These factors limit the effective drug delivery to the brain. Intranasal administration has emerged as a noninvasive strategy to bypass the BBB. This approach enables direct drug delivery to the brain through the olfactory and trigeminal nerve pathways, commonly referred to as nose-to-brain (N2B) delivery. In this context, chitosan (CS), a biocompatible and mucoadhesive polysaccharide with permeation-enhancing properties, has gained significant interest as a functional material for nanoparticle (NP) engineering. CS-based or CS-coated NP can prolong the residence time on the nasal mucosa and facilitate drug transport to the CNS. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in CS-based NP for N2B drug delivery across a range of CNS disorders, including neurodegenerative, neuropsychiatric, neoplastic, and infectious conditions. Particular attention is given to formulation strategies, mechanistic insights, and preclinical outcomes. Recent patent applications are surveyed to underscore the translational potential and commercial interest in this technology. Collectively, CS-based NPs effectively address major therapeutic barriers, establishing a transformative and innovative platform in CNS drug delivery.

Indexed as

BrainCentral Nervous System DiseasesChitosanDrug CarriersDrug Delivery SystemsNanoparticlesNasal MucosaAdministration, IntranasalAnimalsBlood-Brain BarrierHumansChitosanDrug CarrierschitosanCNS disordersintranasal deliverynanoparticlesnose-to-brain

Identifiers

PMID42024000
PMCPMC13169366

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.