Observational studyBMC pulmonary medicine2026
The risk factors for future exacerbations in COPD patients without exacerbation history: an observational study.
Observational study in BMC pulmonary medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Deep Learning Image Reconstruction Algorithm for Quantitative Assessment of Low-Dose Biphasic Chest CT in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundExacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are associated with accelerated lung function decline, reduced physical activity, and increased mortality. Although prior exacerbations predict future events, patients without an exacerbation history may still be at substantial risk. This study aimed to identify clinical risk factors for future exacerbations in this population.
methodsA total of 2,475 COPD patients without an exacerbation in the preceding year were enrolled from the RealDTC study (Registration Date: January 14, 2017). Baseline demographic and clinical data were collected, and patients were followed for three years. They were categorized into exacerbation and non-exacerbation groups based on whether an exacerbation occurred during follow-up.
resultsDuring follow-up, 38.3% experienced at least one exacerbation. These patients were older; had lower BMI, FEV1%pred, and FEV1/FVC; and had higher CAT and mMRC scores. They also showed poorer treatment adherence and lower use of LABA+LAMA or LABA+LAMA + ICS therapy. Multivariate analysis identified female sex, high CAT score, and non-adherence as independent risk factors, whereas high BMI, high educational level, using LABA+LAMA, adherence to GOLD2023, and using LABA+LAMA + ICS were protective. Among female patients, high CAT score and biofuel exposure were independent risk factors whereas low educational level, and low BMI remained protective.A further subgroup multivariate analysis comparing exacerbations within the first year of follow-up with no exacerbations after the first year confirmed that high educational level, BMI 20–25 and 25–30, LABA+LAMA therapy, adherence to GOLD 2023 and good treatment adherence were independent protective factors against early exacerbations.
conclusionCOPD patients without prior exacerbations still face a considerable risk of future events. High symptom burden, low BMI, female sex, and absence of dual or triple inhaled therapy are key predictors. In women, biofuel exposure and low educational merit particular attention.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.