ReviewJournal of clinical tuberculosis and other mycobacterial diseases2026
Pulmonary versus extrapulmonary tuberculosis among diagnosed tuberculosis cases in Bangladesh: Evidence from a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Review in Journal of clinical tuberculosis and other mycobacterial diseases, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Tuberculosis remains one of the primary infectious diseases in Bangladesh that affects both adults and children. Poor diagnostic criteria and insufficient reporting, especially of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) in children, limit the prevalence estimation, resulting in insufficient preventive strategies. This systematic review and Methods: We searched PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and BanglaJOL to retrieve articles published between January 1, 2000, and May 31, 2025. Eligible studies included retrospective studies that reported PTB and/or EPTB prevalence in pediatrics (<18 years) or adults (≥18 years) diagnosed tuberculosis cases in Bangladesh. We used the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Prevalence Studies to assess the quality of the studies. Random-effects models estimated pooled proportions and I Results: Eleven studies (6 pediatrics, 5 adults) met the eligibility criteria. In patients with tuberculosis, the overall pooled proportion across all ages was 44.4% for PTB (95% CI: 35.9-53.3%; I Conclusions: Findings suggest a high proportion of PTB and EPTB in diagnosed tuberculosis cases in Bangladesh, with a relatively higher proportion of EPTB in children than adults. Key associated factors included exposure to tuberculosis patients, sex, low socioeconomic status, and other related comorbidities. Strengthening diagnostic capacity, expanding contact tracing, and addressing the associated factors through targeted public health interventions are necessary to enhance tuberculosis control efforts.
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