ReviewVirulence2026
The cell-type-specific roles of Toll-like receptors in herpes simplex virus infection and pathogenesis.
Review in Virulence, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) initiates infection in mucosal epithelial cells, forming characteristic lesions before establishing lifelong latency in sensory neurons. The innate immune response to HSV is critically mediated by the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family. Expressed in a cell‑type‑specific manner, TLRs recognize viral components, leading to the production of interferons and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Different cell populations, by virtue of their unique TLR expression profiles and signaling contexts, mount specialized and non-redundant responses to the same viral pathogen. We systematically synthesize current research to elucidate the roles of specific TLRs in major cellular targets of HSV, including mucosal epithelial cells, fibroblasts, plasmacytoid dendritic cells, macrophages, peripheral neurons, and resident central nervous system cells. By examining how TLR-mediated sensing and signaling diverge across this cellular landscape, this article provides an integrated framework for understanding the coordinated, multi-layered immune defense against HSV and highlights the implications for pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies.
Indexed as
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.