Evidence mapPaperPMID 42032316Full record

Reviewnpj biomedical innovations2026

The optimization of neuroprosthetic interfaces relying on biophysical and surrogate digital twins.

Claudio Verardo, Veronica Fossati, Laura Toni, Luca Pierantoni, Elena Losanno, Filippo Agnesi, Simone Romeni

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in npj biomedical innovations, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Claudio VerardoThe Biorobotics Institute and Department of Excellence in Robotics and AI, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy.
Veronica FossatiThe Biorobotics Institute and Department of Excellence in Robotics and AI, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy.
Laura ToniThe Biorobotics Institute and Department of Excellence in Robotics and AI, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy.
Luca PierantoniThe Biorobotics Institute and Department of Excellence in Robotics and AI, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy.
Elena LosannoThe Biorobotics Institute and Department of Excellence in Robotics and AI, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy.
Filippo AgnesiModular Implantable Neurotechnologies (MINE) Laboratory, Università Vita Salute San Raffaele & Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Milan, Italy.
Simone RomeniModular Implantable Neurotechnologies (MINE) Laboratory, Università Vita Salute San Raffaele & Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Milan, Italy. romeni.simone@hsr.it.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The electrical stimulation of the nervous system has shown great clinical potential in injury and pathology, yet experimentally driven practice makes it challenging to identify effective design choices and personalized stimulation protocols. This review outlines emerging model-based optimization frameworks that address these challenges by leveraging biophysical digital twins of neural interfaces. Enabling acceleration strategies and complementary data-driven approaches are also highlighted, along with key factors that currently limit clinical translation.

Identifiers

PMID42032316
PMCPMC13079781

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.