Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42033091›Full record

ArticleAlzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association2026

Differential associations between traumatic brain injury severity and four dementia phenotypes in military veterans.

Victoria C Merritt, Elizabeth Valocchi, Francesca V Lopez, Georgios Asimakopoulos, Alexandra L Clark, Lay Kodama, Amy J Jak, Lin Liu, Catherine Chanfreau-Coffinier

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Article in Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Victoria C MerrittResearch Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5683-4168
Elizabeth ValocchiResearch Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA.
Francesca V LopezResearch Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA.
Georgios AsimakopoulosResearch Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA.
Alexandra L ClarkDepartment of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA.
Lay KodamaResearch Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA.
Amy J JakResearch Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA.
Lin LiuResearch Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA.
Catherine Chanfreau-CoffinierCenter for the Study of Healthcare Innovation, Implementation and Policy (CSHIIP), VA Greater Los Angeles Health Care System, Los Angeles, California, USA.

Funding

Department of Defense USAMRAA HT9425-23-1-0230
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionNational Veterans Affairs electronic health records were used to examine the association between traumatic brain injury (TBI) severity and four dementia phenotypes ranging from narrow (strict AD) to broad (all-cause dementia).

methodsVeterans with TBI (n = 91,753) and a propensity score-matched comparison group of veterans without TBI (n = 183,506) were included. Four validated dementia phenotypes defined using International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes were evaluated. The association between TBI severity and each dementia phenotype was examined using adjusted logistic regression.

resultsTBI severity was significantly associated with increased odds of developing dementia across the three broader dementia phenotypes in a dose-response manner (moderate/severe/penetrating TBI > mild TBI). Those with unclassified TBI had disease risk falling in between mild and more severe TBI. In contrast, TBI was associated with decreased risk of strict AD across all severity levels. DISCUSSION: Findings support a dose-response relationship between TBI severity and broader dementia risk but raise questions regarding the TBI-AD link.

Indexed as

Brain Injuries, TraumaticDementiaVeteransAgedFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedPhenotypeSeverity of Illness IndexUnited StatesUnited States Department of Veterans AffairsADRDAlzheimer's diseaseAlzheimer's disease and related dementiaselectronic health recordsmTBITBI severityVeterans Affairs

Identifiers

PMID42033091
PMCPMC13109655

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.