ReviewInfectious diseases and therapy2026
Non-intravenous Amphotericin B: A Review of Localized Administration Routes.
Review in Infectious diseases and therapy, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAmphotericin B (AmB) remains the gold standard for treating invasive fungal infections, yet its clinical utility is frequently constrained by systemic nephrotoxicity. Localized administration routes have emerged as a sophisticated strategy to optimize the drug's therapeutic index, achieving high concentrations at the infection site while minimizing systemic exposure. This review presents the state of the art of non-intravenous (non-IV) AmB administration routes, synthesizing available evidence regarding their application as adjuvant or salvage therapies.
methodsA comprehensive literature review was performed, integrating evidence from meta-analyses, randomized clinical trials, observational studies and case series to evaluate localized delivery protocols.
resultsDifferent nonsystemic routes are analyzed, including inhalational, intrathecal, intralesional, intraocular, intravesical, bone cement, and intraperitoneal administration. For each route, formulations, dosage protocols, and clinical applications are discussed. Furthermore, the review explores the horizon of technological innovations, specifically nanotechnology-based delivery systems (e.g., nanoparticles, thermosensitive gels), which promise to revolutionize localized therapy by overcoming current bioavailability limitations. While routes such as inhalational prophylaxis are supported by robust evidence, others remain vital salvage therapies requiring standardization.
conclusionsNon-IV administration of AmB represents a multifaceted and essential clinical tool. The transition toward localized delivery reflects a change in basic assumptions in targeted antifungal therapy, with potential that is set to expand through continuous research into optimized pharmaceutical formulations. Infographic available for this article. INFOGRAPHIC.
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