ReviewInternational journal of ophthalmology2026
Efficacy and mechanism of flavonoids in improving dry eye disease: a systematic review of animal studies.
Review in International journal of ophthalmology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimTo systematically summarize the efficacy and safety of flavonoids in the treatment of dry eye disease (DED), and review their mechanisms of action, and provide a scientific foundation for clinical translation.
methodsTo retrieve papers published from the establishment of the database through May 12, 2025, eight databases were searched: the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), the China Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), the Wanfang Database, the China Science, Technology Journal Database, PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Embase, and the Web of Science. Two independent researchers conducted the literature selection and information extraction processes, utilizing the SYRCLE tool to assess the risk of bias. The results of eligible studies were subjected to narrative analysis.
resultsA total of 11 animal studies were included in this review, encompassing research conducted in China, the United States, Republic of Korea, and Japan. These studies involved six flavonoid-rich substances, such as
conclusionThe consistent therapeutic outcomes noted in both mouse and rat models further underscore the translational potential of these compounds. Consequently, flavonoids are regarded as highly promising natural agents for ocular health. However, additional pharmacokinetic studies and clinical trials are necessary to confirm their efficacy and safety in human subjects with dry eye syndrome.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.