Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42041228›Full record

SynthesisJournal of the International AIDS Society2026

Inflammatory Biomarkers Predicting Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in People Living With HIV: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Ashley Murray, Niamh Louwman, Augustine Luk, Andrew Parker, Nomalanga Madyiwa, Harold Parker, Kathryn Woodward, Carola Fajardo Gallegos, Jienchi Dorward, Richard J Stevens and 1 more

Abstract readSystematic ReviewMeta-Analysis
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Journal of the International AIDS Society, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Ashley MurrayNuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9780-7617
Niamh LouwmanMedical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Augustine LukNuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Andrew ParkerPerinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Nomalanga MadyiwaNuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8952-4262
Harold ParkerMedical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Kathryn WoodwardNuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Carola Fajardo GallegosSchool of Medicine, La Salle University, Mexico City, Mexico.
Jienchi DorwardNuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Richard J StevensNuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Thomas R FanshaweNuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.

Funding

National Institute for Health and Care ResearchOppenheimer Memorial Trust
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionChronic inflammation is a unique contributor to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk among people living with HIV, yet there is a lack of consensus on the predictive utility of inflammatory biomarkers in this population. We conducted a systematic review assessing the predictive value of inflammatory biomarkers for major adverse cardiovascular events in people living with HIV to inform their potential integration into CVD risk assessment.

methodsMEDLINE, Embase and Google Scholar were searched for articles published up to 01 May 2024. We included prospective cohort and nested case-control studies of adults living with HIV with inflammatory biomarker measurements in blood and at least one year of follow-up to major adverse cardiovascular events. Risk of bias was assessed using the Quality in Prognostic Studies (QUIPS) tool. Where at least two studies reported the same type of effect measure for a biomarker, results were pooled using an inverse variance heterogeneity model.

resultsAmong 5156 screened citations, 21 studies reporting 31 inflammatory biomarkers met inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis showed high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) positively associated with future cardiovascular events (hazard ratio =  1.86 per log DISCUSSION: We identified several inflammatory biomarkers with potential prognostic value, but most associations were derived from single or heterogeneous studies. The certainty of evidence is reduced by methodological heterogeneity, few high-quality studies and the underrepresentation of low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).

conclusionsConsistent positive associations between inflammatory biomarkers and future CVD in people living with HIV support a central role of inflammation in HIV-related CVD. Representative, large-scale studies that include women and LMICs are needed to guide the integration of candidate biomarkers into CVD risk prediction models. PROSPERO NUMBER: CRD42024542944.

Indexed as

BiomarkersCardiovascular DiseasesHIV InfectionsInflammationC-Reactive ProteinFemaleHumansPrognosisBiomarkersC-Reactive ProteinBiomarkersCardiovascular DiseasesHIVInflammationPrognosisSystematic Review

Identifiers

PMID42041228
PMCPMC13113420

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.