Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42041823›Full record

ReviewBrain sciences2026

Accuracy of Machine Learning Models in Predicting Clinical Outcomes in Bipolar Disorder: A Systematic Review.

Jing Ling Tay, Ling Zhang, Kang Sim

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Brain sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Jing Ling TayWest Region, Institute of Mental Health, Buangkok Green Medical Park, 10 Buangkok View, Singapore 539747, Singapore.
Ling ZhangInstitute of Mental Health, Buangkok Green Medical Park, 10 Buangkok View, Singapore 539747, Singapore.
Kang SimWest Region, Institute of Mental Health, Buangkok Green Medical Park, 10 Buangkok View, Singapore 539747, Singapore.ORCID 0000-0003-3209-9626

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND/

objectivesBipolar disorder (BD) is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide, causing significant functional impairments in those affected. The heterogeneous course of BD renders the prediction of clinical progress and outcomes challenging, but it can be potentially enhanced with the use of artificial intelligence methods. In this systematic review, we aimed to examine the extant literature regarding the predictive accuracy of clinical functioning, illness affective state, relapse, and relevant predictors amongst patients with BD, using artificial intelligence methods.

methodsThe study was guided by PRISMA and the

resultsForty articles were included in this review. The area under the curve (AUC) values for clinical functioning, illness affective state, and relapse prediction were 0.59-0.72 (poor to acceptable), 0.57-0.97 (poor to outstanding), and 0.45-0.98 (poor to outstanding), respectively. Supervised, tree-based algorithms performed the best. Predictive factors included sociodemographic, clinical and psychological factors and wearable data, as well as speech and video recordings.

conclusionsExisting studies showed the potential of machine learning methods in the prediction of clinical progress and outcomes of BD (specifically functional status, affective state, and relapse) based on relevant collected variables. Longitudinal studies can further clarify and validate the associated predictive factors for earlier identification of those at risk of poorer prognosis to enhance management of BD.

Indexed as

artificial intelligencebipolarhospitalisationrelapseremissiontreatment resistance

Identifiers

PMID42041823
PMCPMC13114975

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.