Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42042811›Full record

ArticleVaccines2026

Awareness of Virus-Cancer Links and Willingness to Vaccinate Against a Cancer-Associated Virus by HPV Vaccination Status Among Polish Students: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Anita Mikołajczyk, Emilia Lemkowska, Mateusz Mikołajczyk

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Vaccines, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Anita MikołajczykDepartment of Psychology and Sociology of Health and Public Health, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Warszawska Str. 30, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-5601-6648
Emilia LemkowskaStudent Scientific Group of Public Health Research, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Warszawska Str. 30, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland.
Mateusz MikołajczykMasovian Dental Center Ltd., Nowy Zjazd Str. 1, 00-301 Warsaw, Poland.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND/

objectivesPrevention of virus-related cancers is a multifaceted process shaped by vaccination and public awareness. This study assessed awareness of virus-cancer relationships and willingness to vaccinate against a cancer-associated virus among medical and non-medical students. We also evaluated whether human papillomavirus (HPV)-vaccinated students demonstrate greater awareness of the HPV-cancer link compared to unvaccinated students, and examined willingness to vaccinate against a certain cancer-associated virus according to HPV vaccination status.

methodsThis cross-sectional survey was conducted in Poland (October 2023-June 2024) and included 1013 first- and second-year university students recruited via convenience sampling. Participation was voluntary and anonymous.

resultsAwareness of virus-cancer relationships was low, ranging from 19% for Epstein-Barr virus-related cancers to 43.8% for HPV-related cervical cancer. Women were more likely than men to recognize the HPV-cervical cancer link (OR = 2.08,

conclusionsThese findings highlight the need for targeted educational interventions to improve awareness of HPV-cancer links and risk perception, as well as to ensure ongoing education of both HPV-vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals to support informed health decisions and vaccine acceptance.

Indexed as

cancer preventionHPV vaccination statushuman papillomavirus (HPV)perceived infection riskvirus–cancer awareness

Identifiers

PMID42042811
PMCPMC13120187

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.