Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42043792›Full record

ReviewAlzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association2026

Timing of retirement and cognitive decline among older black adults: Study of Healthy Aging in African Americans (STAR).

Nancy X Chen, Kristen M George, Hilary Colbeth, Alexander Ivan B Posis, Yi Lor, Claire Meunier, Paola Gilsanz, Lisa L Barnes, Alyssa Weakley, Rachel A Whitmer

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Neuropathology in a diverse cohort of oldest-old: The LifeAfter90 study.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Nancy X ChenUniversity of California Davis, Davis, California, USA.
Kristen M GeorgeUniversity of California Davis, Davis, California, USA.
Hilary ColbethUniversity of California Davis, Davis, California, USA.
Alexander Ivan B PosisUniversity of California Davis, Davis, California, USA.
Yi LorUniversity of California Davis, Davis, California, USA.
Claire MeunierUniversity of California Davis, Davis, California, USA.
Paola GilsanzKaiser Permanente Division of Research, Pleasanton, California, USA.
Lisa L BarnesRush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Alyssa WeakleyUniversity of California Davis, Davis, California, USA.
Rachel A WhitmerUniversity of California Davis, Davis, California, USA.

Funding

Study of Healthy Aging in African AmericansR01AG050782 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT DAVIS · PI Paola Gilsanz, Rachel A Whitmer · 2023 to 2026
$19.1M
NIA NIH HHS R01AG050782
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionWe investigated the association between retirement, age at retirement, and domain-specific cognitive decline.

methodsThree hundred twenty-one participants aged 65+ from the Study of Healthy Aging in African Americans completed verbal episodic memory (VEM) and executive function (EF) assessments across three waves (every 16 months). Linear mixed-effects models with random intercepts and slopes examined associations of retirement status (retired, not retired) and timing (retired before age 65, retired at 65+, and not retired) with cognitive decline adjusting for demographics and parental education.

resultsParticipants' mean age was 74.6 ± 6.9, 65% were women, and 87% were retired (33% at age 65+). Retirement status and timing were not associated with baseline cognition. Over 2.11 ± 0.66 years, non-retirees had slower EF decline than retirees (b = 0.11 [0.03, 0.19]). Participants who retired at 65+ had slower VEM decline than those who retired before 65 (b = 0.11 [0.02, 0.21]). DISCUSSION: Retirement and early retirement were associated with faster cognitive decline among Black/African American adults.

Indexed as

Black or African AmericanCognitive DysfunctionHealthy AgingRetirementAgedAged, 80 and overExecutive FunctionFemaleHumansLongitudinal StudiesMaleMemory, EpisodicNeuropsychological TestsTime Factorscognitive declineretirementretirement timing

Identifiers

PMID42043792
PMCPMC13116362

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.