Patient Empowerment in the Context of Outpatient Surgery Using the Example of Orthopedics (Power-AOP): Protocol for a Mixed Methods Study.

Background: Shifting surgeries from the stationary to the outpatient setting is seen as a suitable way to increase efficiency in the health care system. A substantial increase in outpatient procedures can therefore be observed internationally-particularly in the field of orthopedics. However, the interests and needs of patients are often insufficiently taken into account in this process. The "Power-AOP" research project was initiated to identify the associated challenges in the area of patient empowerment and to develop solutions. Objective: Using the field of orthopedics as an example, the Power-AOP project investigates how patient empowerment can be strengthened in the context of outpatient surgery. Methods: Using a mixed methods approach, health policy recommendations will be developed that aim to strengthen patient empowerment in the context of outpatient surgery. The project is scheduled to run for 3 years and comprises 6 work packages, with a total of 10 modules. In the first step, a scoping review was carried out to map the existing literature. This is followed by focus groups and interviews with patients and health care providers to gain deeper insights into their experiences and perspectives. The results will be quantified using a questionnaire-based survey. In order to identify a suitable patient population for this survey, an analysis of claims data will be conducted beforehand. The results will then be discussed and refined in 2 stakeholder workshops with key players in the health care system. In the final phase, a concept will be developed that contains actionable recommendations for strengthening patient empowerment in the context of outpatient care. Results: The project began in April 2025. The claims data analysis and the scoping review have been completed, and a manuscript for the review is currently being prepared. The focus groups and interviews were conducted with 19 health care providers and 26 patients. Data analysis is in progress. The quantitative survey is planned for May 2026 to March 2027. The workshops are scheduled for the second and fourth quarters of 2027. The project will conclude with the final results in March 2028. Conclusions: This project will help to improve patient empowerment in the context of outpatient surgery. This allows patients to take a more active role in the process. On the one hand, this can lead to greater satisfaction with the process, particularly among patients. On the other hand, more active participation by patients can improve outcomes and prevent unnecessary readmissions or additional treatments.