Evidence mapPaperPMID 42045923Full record

SynthesisBMC oral health2026

Decoding the periodontitis-coronary artery disease axis through biomarker profiling: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Rahayu Zulkapli, Nusaibah Sallehuddin, Nashuha Omar, Norazreen Zakaria, Adriana Hamiera Zainol Anuar, Iman Nabilah Abd Rahim, Mohd Yusmiaidil Putera Mohd Yusof

Abstract readSystematic ReviewMeta-Analysis
In one paragraph

Synthesis in BMC oral health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Rahayu ZulkapliCardiovascular Advancement and Research Excellence Institute (CARE Institute), Universiti Teknologi MARA, Jalan Hospital, Level 4, Academic Building, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, 47000, Malaysia. rahayu88@uitm.edu.my.
Nusaibah SallehuddinCardiovascular Advancement and Research Excellence Institute (CARE Institute), Universiti Teknologi MARA, Jalan Hospital, Level 4, Academic Building, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, 47000, Malaysia.
Nashuha OmarCardiovascular Advancement and Research Excellence Institute (CARE Institute), Universiti Teknologi MARA, Jalan Hospital, Level 4, Academic Building, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, 47000, Malaysia.
Norazreen ZakariaCardiovascular Advancement and Research Excellence Institute (CARE Institute), Universiti Teknologi MARA, Jalan Hospital, Level 4, Academic Building, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, 47000, Malaysia.
Adriana Hamiera Zainol AnuarCardiovascular Advancement and Research Excellence Institute (CARE Institute), Universiti Teknologi MARA, Jalan Hospital, Level 4, Academic Building, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, 47000, Malaysia.
Iman Nabilah Abd RahimFaculty of Dentistry UiTM Campus Sungai Buloh, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Jalan Hospital, Sungai Buloh Campus, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, 47000, Malaysia.
Mohd Yusmiaidil Putera Mohd YusofCardiovascular Advancement and Research Excellence Institute (CARE Institute), Universiti Teknologi MARA, Jalan Hospital, Level 4, Academic Building, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, 47000, Malaysia.

Funding

Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia 600-RMC/MOHE HICoE CARE-I 5/3 (01/2025)
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesThis systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to explore the biomarker profiles in adults diagnosed with periodontitis (PD) and coronary artery disease (CAD). Identifying shared biomarkers is crucial for clarifying the biological link between these two common inflammatory diseases, improving early risk detection, and supporting more integrated approaches to managing oral and cardiovascular health.

methodA comprehensive literature search was conducted in Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science, covering studies published up to December 2024, in accordance with Cochrane handbook guidelines. The study population consisted of adults diagnosed with PD and either confirmed CAD or cardiovascular risk indicators. The eligibility criteria required original full articles in English that assessed quantitative biomarker levels in individuals with both conditions compared to controls. The study design included observational (n = 14) and randomized controlled trials (n = 6). A random-effects meta-analysis was performed, and heterogeneity was assessed using the I² statistic.

resultsA total of 3,245 records were identified from three databases: PubMed (n = 737), Scopus (n = 1241), and Web of Science (n = 1267). The most frequently reported biomarkers among individuals with both PD and CAD were C-reactive protein (CRP/hs-CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), followed by interleukin-1β, interleukin-8, and tumour necrosis factor-alpha. Five studies were included in the primary pooled meta-analysis for CRP analyses, that showed a significant pooled effect (SMD = 0.501; p = 0.001), while three studies stated that IL-6 showed no significant association (SMD = 0.166; p = 0.240). Overall, studies demonstrated elevated systemic inflammatory biomarkers in individuals with both conditions.

conclusionsThe findings suggest a potential association between chronic PD and elevated systemic inflammatory biomarkers in individuals with CAD. In particular, CRP was consistently reported across several studies, although the strength and significance of biomarker associations varied. These results indicate that periodontal inflammation may contribute to systemic inflammatory responses relevant to cardiovascular pathology; however, current evidence remains insufficient to establish causality. Further well-designed longitudinal and interventional studies are required to clarify the clinical significance of this relationship.

Indexed as

BiomarkersCoronary Artery DiseasePeriodontitisC-Reactive ProteinHumansBiomarkersC-Reactive ProteinBiomarkersCardiovascular diseasesCoronary artery diseasePeriodontitis

Identifiers

PMID42045923
PMCPMC13285288

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.