ArticleAlzheimer's research & therapy2026
Impact of appendicular skeletal muscle mass on Alzheimer's disease in relation to age and comorbidities: an 8-year longitudinal follow-up study of a nationwide cohort.
Article in Alzheimer's research & therapy, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThis study investigated whether low appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) was associated with an increased risk of developing dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT) and examined the potential moderating effects of age and comorbidities.
methodsThis study analyzed anonymized health examination data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service, including 1,897,197 individuals aged ≥ 60 years (mean age 66.1 ± 6.5 years; 46.1% men). ASM was estimated using validated prediction equations based on anthropometric measurements and serum creatinine level. Participants were classified into low ASM (sex-specific lowest quartile, Q1) and normal ASM (Q2–Q4) groups. DAT was defined using ICD-10 codes (F00 or G30) in combination with anti-dementia medication prescriptions under national insurance criteria. The association between low ASM and dementia development was assessed using Cox proportional hazards models after adjusting for potential confounders.
resultsCompared with individuals with normal ASM, those with low ASM showed higher incidence rates of DAT in both sexes. Participants with low ASM had a significantly elevated risk of DAT compared to those with normal ASM in both sexes (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.34, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.32–1.36 in men; HR = 1.27, 95% CI 1.25–1.28 in women). A similar association was observed for vascular dementia (VD). The association between low ASM and DAT risk weakened with advancing age in both sexes (p for low ASM × age < 0.001 in both sexes). A stronger association between low ASM and DAT was observed in participants with a lower comorbidity burden (low Charlson Comorbidity Index [CCI] group) in both sexes (p for low ASM × CCI group = 0.018 in men and < 0.001 in women).
conclusionsLow ASM is associated with an increased risk of DAT in both men and women, particularly among relatively younger and healthier older adults. This large-scale nationwide longitudinal cohort study provides novel evidence that the impact of ASM on DAT risk varies according to age and comorbidity burden.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.