Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42052421›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of hypertension2026

IFN-γ and IL-17A Exhibit Opposing Roles in Age-Related Blood Pressure Dysregulation.

Lweendo Muchaili, Elletina Nchimunya Sinamwenda, Benson M Hamooya, Joreen P Povia, Annet Kirabo, Sepiso K Masenga

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of hypertension, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Lweendo MuchailiPathology and Microbiology Department, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mulungushi University, Livingstone, Zambia, mu.ac.zm.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2808-0319
Elletina Nchimunya SinamwendaNursing Department, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mulungushi University, Kabwe, Zambia, mu.ac.zm.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9779-9450
Benson M HamooyaDepartment of Biostatistics and Public Health, Livingstone Center for Prevention and Translational Sciences, Livingstone, Zambia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1385-0998
Joreen P PoviaDepartment of Public Health, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mulungushi University, Livingstone, Zambia, mu.ac.zm.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7438-1549
Annet KiraboDepartment of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA, vanderbilt.edu.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8580-9359
Sepiso K MasengaPathology and Microbiology Department, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mulungushi University, Livingstone, Zambia, mu.ac.zm.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4376-5831

Funding

ENaC regulation and its role in blood pressure homeostasisR01HL147818 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI Annet Kirabo, Thomas R Kleyman · 2019 to 2026
$4.6M
Immune Mechanisms of Salt-Sensitive hypertensionR01HL144941 · NHLBI · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI KIRABO, ANNET · 2021 to 2025
$3.0M
Salt taste sensitivity, genetics and salt sensitivity of blood pressure in HIVR21TW012635 · FIC · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI KIRABO, ANNET, MASENGA, SEPISO KENIAS · 2023 to 2024
$385k
FIC NIH HHS R21 TW012635NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL144941NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL147818
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: The inflammatory pathophysiology of hypertension involves interactions between innate and adaptive immune pathways. While interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) have established roles, the contributions of specific T cell-derived cytokines, especially interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin-17A (IL-17A), and interleukin-1 (IL-1), remain less defined in age-stratified human populations. The aging immune system undergoes characteristic shifts that may differentially engage these pathways in regulating blood pressure, with this immune senescence being notably accelerated in people living with HIV (PLWH). Therefore, this study aimed to investigate age-stratified associations between key cytokines and systolic blood pressure (SBP) and to determine how these relationships interact with metabolic factors in both PLWH and non-PLWH. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 332 adults, stratified into two age groups: < 45 years ( Results: The older cohort had significantly higher median SBP, BMI, and LDL cholesterol (all Conclusion: The regulation of blood pressure appears to undergo a fundamental pathophysiological transition with advancing age. In younger adults (< 45 years), SBP is associated with adaptive immune activity, mainly the Th1-associated IFN-γ. After midlife (≥ 45 years), this relationship is superseded by a model dominated by adiposity, within which the Th17-associated IL-17A acts as a contributing inflammatory mediator. These age-stratified cytokine-blood pressure relationships were consistent across PLWH and HIV-negative individuals, suggesting that this pathophysiological succession operates independently of HIV serostatus. Collectively, these findings advocate for age-tailored, mechanism-based approaches to the understanding and managing blood pressure-related risk.

Indexed as

ageBMIHIVinflammaginginflammationinterferon-gammainterleukin-17systolic blood pressure

Identifiers

PMID42052421
PMCPMC13113414

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.