ArticleDiscover oncology2026
Adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells promote an exhaustion-associated phenotype in T cells through TIM-3 upregulation independent of PD-1.
Article in Discover oncology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (ASCs) are important components of the breast tumor microenvironment (TME) with hemostatic features and immunomodulatory abilities that can either inhibit or promote tumor growth through direct cell-cell contact or the secretion of biomolecules. This study aimed to investigate the effects of ASCs on PD-1 and/or TIM-3 expression by T cells isolated from breast tumor-draining lymph nodes (TDLNs). Lymphocytes were isolated from fresh, uninvolved axillary lymph nodes and cultured either directly with ASCs from the breast adipose tissue of healthy women (N.ASCs) or breast cancer patients (C.ASCs), or in conditioned media (CM) from these ASCs. After 48 and 72 h, the expression of PD-1 and/or TIM-3 on CD3
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