Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42055521›Full record

ArticleCancer treatment and research communications2026

KRAS G12C inhibitor outcomes in advanced non-small cell lung cancer by smoking history, performance status, and KEAP1 mutation status.

Ziheng Xu, Jacqueline V Aredo, Chloe C Su, Nathaniel J Myall, Mohana Roy, Kavitha J Ramchandran, Heather A Wakelee, Joel W Neal

Erratum issuedAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Cancer treatment and research communications, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Ziheng XuDepartment of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Jacqueline V AredoDivision of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Chloe C SuQuantitative Sciences Unit, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Nathaniel J MyallDivision of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Mohana RoyDivision of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Kavitha J RamchandranDivision of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Heather A WakeleeDivision of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Joel W NealDivision of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. Electronic address: jwneal@stanford.edu.

Funding

Translational Oncology Research Program (Project-005)P30CA124435 · NCI · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI MICHAEL KENNEY · 2007 to 2026
$71.4M
NCI NIH HHS P30 CA124435
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe oral KRAS G12C inhibitors, sotorasib and adagrasib, were approved for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in the later-line setting in 2021 and 2022, respectively. However, data are still emerging regarding how clinical and molecular variables impact outcomes.

methodsPatients with advanced KRAS G12C-mutant NSCLC who were treated at a matrix cancer center with an oral KRAS G12C inhibitor between May 2021 and August 2024 had their clinical and outcome data collected and analyzed.

resultsA total of 38 patients who met the inclusion criteria were identified. The overall median progression-free survival (PFS) of the cohort was 3.5 (95% confidence interval (CI) 2.7-6.1) months, and median overall survival (OS), 7.8 (4.8-11.0) months. Patients with a never or light smoking history (defined by a cutoff of ≤10 pack-years), worse Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status (≥2), and tumors harboring a concurrent pathogenic KEAP1 mutation were shown to be associated with shorter median PFS and OS. Other variables such as age, presence of brain metastasis, the presence of STK11, and TP53 mutations did not have a significant impact on clinical outcomes.

conclusionIn this single-center, real-world, retrospective analysis, among the 38 patients with advanced NSCLC receiving KRAS G12C inhibitors, a never or light smoking history, poor performance status, and the presence of tumor pathogenic KEAP1 mutations were associated with worse clinical outcomes. Within the limitations of the study, clinicians should consider these variables when formulating treatment for KRAS G12C-mutant NSCLC.

Indexed as

Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell LungKelch-Like ECH-Associated Protein 1Lung NeoplasmsProto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)SmokingAgedAged, 80 and overFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedMutationPiperazinesProgression-Free SurvivalPyridinesPyrimidinesKEAP1 protein, humanKelch-Like ECH-Associated Protein 1KRAS protein, humanPiperazinesProto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)PyridinesPyrimidinessotorasibECOG performance statusKEAP1 mutationKRAS inhibitorNSCLCSmoking history

Identifiers

PMID42055521
PMCPMC13228461

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.