ArticleJournal of virology2026
RANBP3 and RAN orchestrate CRM1-mediated nuclear export of hepatitis B virus RNAs.
Article in Journal of virology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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15 authors.
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Abstract
Nuclear export of viral RNAs is essential for the replication of hepatitis B virus (HBV). Our previous study demonstrated that ELAVL1 (embryonic lethal, abnormal vision, Drosophila-like 1) mediates the nuclear export of HBV RNAs via the chromosome region maintenance 1 (CRM1) pathway by recognizing and binding to the AUUUA motifs within these transcripts. Here, we identify Ras-related nuclear protein (RAN) and RAN-binding protein 3 (RANBP3) as critical downstream regulators of this CRM1-mediated RNA export pathway. We show that RANBP3 recruits RAN-GTP to assemble an export-competent quaternary complex (CRM1-HBV RNAs-RANBP3-RAN-GTP). The functional significance of this complex is underscored by the findings that its disruption, through knockdown of RANBP3/RAN, or by introducing CRM1 mutations that prevent cofactor binding, severely impairs HBV RNA export and viral replication. Together, our study thus elucidates a precise regulatory mechanism governing HBV RNA trafficking and highlights RANBP3 and RAN as potential antiviral targets.IMPORTANCEEfficient nuclear export of hepatitis B virus (HBV) RNAs is essential for viral replication, yet the regulatory mechanisms controlling this process remain poorly defined. This study identifies Ras-related nuclear protein (RAN) and RAN-binding protein 3 (RANBP3) as key host cofactors that drive chromosome region maintenance 1 (CRM1)-mediated export of HBV transcripts by assembling an export-competent complex with viral RNAs. Disrupting this pathway profoundly impairs RNA export and downstream steps of the viral life cycle. By defining how HBV harnesses the RANBP3-RAN-CRM1 axis for RNA trafficking, our work reveals a previously unrecognized layer of host dependency and highlights RANBP3 and RAN as promising targets for antiviral intervention.
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