Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42059989›Full record

ArticleEuropean journal of nutrition2026

Impact of a pro-inflammatory diet on upper gastrointestinal cancer risk: evidence from a population-based cohort in high-risk areas of China.

Shanrui Ma, Yueying Zhang, Zhiyuan Fan, Feifan He, Xinqing Li, Ru Chen, Shaoming Wang, Wenqiang Wei

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in European journal of nutrition, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Shanrui MaNorthwest Women's and Children's Hospital, Xi'an, 710003, Shaanxi, China.
Yueying ZhangOffice of Cancer Screening, National Cancer Center / National Clinical Research Center for Cancer / Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
Zhiyuan FanHealth Checkup Center, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China.
Feifan HeOffice of Cancer Screening, National Cancer Center / National Clinical Research Center for Cancer / Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
Xinqing LiOffice of Cancer Screening, National Cancer Center / National Clinical Research Center for Cancer / Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
Ru ChenNational Central Cancer Registry, National Cancer Center/ National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking UnionMedical College, 100021, Beijing, China.
Shaoming WangNational Central Cancer Registry, National Cancer Center/ National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking UnionMedical College, 100021, Beijing, China.
Wenqiang WeiOffice of Cancer Screening, National Cancer Center / National Clinical Research Center for Cancer / Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China. weiwq@cicams.ac.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2078-9056

Funding

Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences 2021-12M-1-001Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities 3332023139National Natural Science Foundation of China 82473704
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeChronic inflammation plays a pivotal role in carcinogenesis, particularly in upper gastrointestinal (UGI) cancers. However, the contribution of dietary inflammation to UGI cancer risk in the Chinese population remains insufficiently explored. This study investigated the association between energy-adjusted dietary inflammatory index (E-DII) and UGI cancer incidence in high-risk regions of China.

methodsThis prospective cohort study included 43,153 participants enrolled between 2017 and 2019 in the National Cohort of Esophageal Cancer. The E-DII score, based on 22 dietary parameters, quantified dietary inflammation. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to assess the relationship between E-DII scores and incident UGI cancer, with adjustments for age, sex, residence, lifestyle factors, medical history, and pathological diagnoses. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were conducted to address potential confounding effects.

resultsOver a median follow-up of 55 months, 527 participants developed UGI cancer. Higher E-DII scores were associated with increased UGI cancer risk (hazard ratio [HR] for highest vs. lowest quartile: 1.75; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.28-2.40; P for trend = 0.001). Significant associations were observed for esophageal cancer (HR = 1.81; 95% CI 1.03-3.18; P for trend = 0.050) and gastric cancer (HR = 1.69; 95% CI 1.16-2.47; P for trend = 0.009). Subgroup analyses and sensitivity tests confirmed the robustness of these findings.

conclusionThis study highlights the role of dietary inflammation in increasing UGI cancer risk and suggests that promoting anti-inflammatory dietary patterns may serve as an effective preventive measure in high-risk populations.

Indexed as

DietEsophageal NeoplasmsGastrointestinal NeoplasmsInflammationStomach NeoplasmsAdultAgedChinaCohort StudiesFemaleHumansIncidenceMaleMiddle AgedProportional Hazards ModelsProspective StudiesEnergy-adjusted dietary inflammatory indexInflammationProspective cohort studyUpper gastrointestinal cancer

Identifiers

PMID42059989

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.