ArticleBMC plant biology2026
Synergistic phosphorus fertilization with γ-polyglutamic acid enhances pepper yield via improved root development and nutrient uptake.
Article in BMC plant biology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundLow phosphorus (P) use efficiency represents a major constraint in pepper production. Meanwhile, γ-polyglutamic acid (γ-PGA) has been reported to improve nutrient retention and stimulate plant growth. This study evaluated the effects of combined P fertilizer and γ-PGA application on pepper growth, nutrient uptake, yield, and phosphorus use efficiency in pepper plants during entire plant development period.
methodsA two-factor pot experiment was conducted with three P levels (0, 2.0, 4.0 g plant⁻
resultsThe results showed that P application alone significantly increased pepper growth, leaf and root traits, total biomass and fruit yield (p < 0.05). Soluble protein, proline, SOD and POD activities were elevated with increasing P supply (p < 0.05), while MDA content was reduced (p < 0.05). P combined with γ-PGA further enhanced plant height, stem diameter, chlorophyll content, biomass and yield (p < 0.05); notably, root surface area increased substantially (p < 0.01). Macronutrient and micronutrient concentrations and accumulations were also significantly improved under combined treatments (p < 0.05). P + γ-PGA further promoted SOD and POD activities (p < 0.05) but weakened CAT activity (p < 0.05), implying distinct ROS quenching pathways. γ-PGA also significantly improved phosphorus use efficiency (p < 0.05). SEM revealed contrasting regulatory pathways: the antioxidant system negatively regulated fruit nutrients via growth traits without γ-PGA, while P + γ-PGA directly enhanced fruit yield (p < 0.05) and indirectly improved fruit nutrients by promoting growth traits (p < 0.05). Moderate P combined with γ-PGA was confirmed as the optimal treatment for pepper growth and yield (p < 0.05).
conclusionsThe combined application of moderate P (2.0 g plant⁻
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