Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42063005›Full record

ArticleNutrition journal2026

Planetary health diet adherence and risk of cognitive-behavioral disorders in children and adolescents: a retrospective cohort study.

Ying Hsiao, Yao-Chuen Li, Meei-Shyuan Lee, Han-Bin Huang, Yuan-Ting C Lo, Yi-Chen Huang

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Article in Nutrition journal, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Ying HsiaoDepartment of Nutrition, China Medical University, No. 100, Sec. 1, Jingmao Rd, Taichung, 406040, Taiwan.
Yao-Chuen LiDepartment of Physical Therapy, China Medical University, Taichung, 406040, Taiwan.
Meei-Shyuan LeeCollege of Public Health, National Defense Medical University, Taipei, 114201, Taiwan.
Han-Bin HuangCollege of Public Health, National Defense Medical University, Taipei, 114201, Taiwan.
Yuan-Ting C LoCollege of Public Health, National Defense Medical University, Taipei, 114201, Taiwan.
Yi-Chen HuangDepartment of Nutrition, China Medical University, No. 100, Sec. 1, Jingmao Rd, Taichung, 406040, Taiwan. yichenhuang@mail.cmu.edu.tw.

Funding

China Medical University, Taiwan CMU113-MF-74National Science and Technology Council NSTC 112-2320-B-039-047
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundMental and behavioral disorders are a major public health concern and represent the most prevalent psychiatric conditions among youth. Although the Planetary Health Diet (PHD) was developed to promote both human and planetary health, the role of sustainable dietary patterns in neurodevelopment remains unclear. This retrospective cohort study investigated the association between adherence to a child-adapted PHD index (PHDI-C) and cognitive-behavioral health among children and adolescents.

methodsData from 1,744 participants aged 7-18 years in the 2013-2016 Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan were analyzed and linked to the 2013-2021 National Health Insurance database to identify incident cognitive-behavioral disorders. Dietary intake was assessed using 24-h recalls, yielding PHDI-C scores. Nutrient adequacy was evaluated using the Mean Adequacy Ratio (MAR). Cox proportional hazards models estimated hazard ratios (HRs) for incident cognitive-behavioral disorders across PHDI-C tertiles.

resultsParticipants in the highest tertile (T3) of the PHDI-C were more likely to be aged 7-12 years, fathers with higher education and sufficient household income, and exhibited greater height-for-age z-scores. Compared with T1, T3 showed lower fat but higher protein and micronutrient intakes (except vitamin B-12 and sodium) and a higher MAR (p < 0.0001). Over nine years of follow-up, T3 participants had a 68% lower risk of cognitive-behavioral disorders compared with T1 (HR = 0.32, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.15-0.67). Each 5-point increase in PHDI-C score corresponded to an 16% lower risk (HR = 0.84, 95% CI: 0.75-0.94). Age-stratified analyses showed stronger protective effects among adolescents aged 13-18 years (HR = 0.10, 95% CI: 0.02-0.60).

conclusionsGreater PHD adherence was associated with better nutrient adequacy and reduced risk of cognitive-behavioral disorders in children and adolescents aged 13-18 years. These findings underscore the potential of sustainable dietary patterns to promote youth mental health.

Indexed as

Cognition DisordersDiet, HealthyPatient ComplianceAdolescentChildFemaleHumansMaleNutrition SurveysProportional Hazards ModelsRetrospective StudiesRisk FactorsTaiwanBehaviorCognitive functionPlanetary health dietPlant-based diet

Identifiers

PMID42063005
PMCPMC13277018

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.