ReviewFrontiers in immunology2026
The human microbiome reshapes the breast cancer immune-metabolic-hormonal microenvironment.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- NUPR1 in breast cancer: mechanisms and potential applications.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Review
- Engineering probiotic consortia to improve chemotherapy tolerance and reduce toxicity in breast cancer patients: a new frontier in supportive precision oncology.Oncology reviews · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Beyond established risk factors such as genetics and hormones, the human microbiome has emerged as a pivotal player in breast cancer pathogenesis. This review delineates the technological evolution in breast microbiome research, spanning traditional culture methods to high-throughput sequencing and cutting-edge spatial omics. We elucidate the role of the gut-breast axis in modulating breast cancer development through its influence on estrogen metabolism, immune responses, and microbial metabolites. Furthermore, we analyze the distinctive compositional features of the intratumoral microbiota and their dual, context-dependent roles in promoting invasion, inducing immunosuppression, and driving metabolic reprogramming within the tumor microenvironment. Novel microbiome-based therapeutic strategies, including targeted microbiota depletion, engineered microbial therapeutics, and dietary interventions, are summarized. Finally, we discuss the translational potential of microbiome research in refining breast cancer risk prediction, evaluating treatment responses, and advancing personalized prevention and treatment strategies, ultimately contributing to improved patient outcomes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.