Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42065385›Full record

ArticleJournal of the American College of Surgeons2026

High-Risk Substance and Polysubstance Use Among Elective Surgery Patients: Prevalence and Risk Factors.

Xintong Ju, Amelia C Mueller-Williams, Ashley Kocher, Sergio E Pena, Jennifer Waljee, Mark C Bicket, Kelley M Kidwell, Maureen Walton, Anne C Fernandez

Registry-linked trialAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of the American College of Surgeons, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05783635 (Reducing Alcohol Use Among Elective Surgical Patients Using Adaptive Interventions), which is not on this map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT05783635 naactive not recruitingnot on this map

Reducing Alcohol Use Among Elective Surgical Patients Using Adaptive Interventions

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of MichiganRan2023 to 2027Enrolled440ConditionsAlcohol DrinkingArmsEnhanced Usual Care (pre-operative), Preoperative Virtual Health Coaching, Usual surgical care (post-operative), Postoperative Virtual Health Coaching, On-Track (Post-operative)
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Xintong JuFrom the Addiction Center, Departments of Psychiatry (Ju, Mueller-Williams, Kocher, Pena, Walton, Fernandez), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.
Amelia C Mueller-WilliamsFrom the Addiction Center, Departments of Psychiatry (Ju, Mueller-Williams, Kocher, Pena, Walton, Fernandez), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.
Ashley KocherFrom the Addiction Center, Departments of Psychiatry (Ju, Mueller-Williams, Kocher, Pena, Walton, Fernandez), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.
Sergio E PenaFrom the Addiction Center, Departments of Psychiatry (Ju, Mueller-Williams, Kocher, Pena, Walton, Fernandez), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.
Jennifer WaljeeDivision of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN (Waljee).
Mark C BicketAnesthesiology (Bicket), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.
Kelley M KidwellBiostatistics (Kidwell), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.
Maureen WaltonFrom the Addiction Center, Departments of Psychiatry (Ju, Mueller-Williams, Kocher, Pena, Walton, Fernandez), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.
Anne C FernandezFrom the Addiction Center, Departments of Psychiatry (Ju, Mueller-Williams, Kocher, Pena, Walton, Fernandez), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.

Funding

MULTIDISCIPLINARY ALCOHOLISM RESEARCH TRAINING PROGRAMT32AA007477 · NIAAA · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI Maureen A. Walton · 1990 to 2026
$7.4M
Reducing Alcohol use among Elective Surgical Patients using Adaptive InterventionsR01AA029666 · NIAAA · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI Lara Nicole Coughlin, Anne Christie Fernandez · 2022 to 2026
$3.0M
NIAAA NIH HHS R01 AA029666NIAAA NIH HHS T32 AA007477
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundSubstance use is a modifiable risk factor that may adversely affect surgical outcomes, yet its prevalence using surgical risk-specific thresholds remains incompletely characterized in preoperative populations. STUDY

designWe performed a cross-sectional analysis of preoperative screening data from a clinical trial (NCT05783635) at a large Midwestern health system. Between February 2024 and February 2025, 2,688 adults 21 to 75 years of age undergoing elective surgery completed validated self-report assessments of alcohol, nicotine, cannabis, and other drug use. High-risk use was defined as Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption scores ≥5 or weekly or daily use of other substances. Polysubstance use was defined as high-risk use of more than 1 substance. Multivariable logistic regression evaluated associations between patient and surgical factors and high-risk use.

resultsOverall, 27.6% (743) of patients reported high-risk substance use and 6.6% (177) reported polysubstance use. Cannabis was the most prevalent high-risk substance (15.0%), followed by alcohol (11.1%), nicotine (8.5%), and other drugs (0.4%). Younger age, male sex, and poorer self-reported health were associated with increased odds of high-risk use. Prevalence varied across surgical services, with the highest rates in neurosurgery (27.1% high risk and 11.4% polysubstance) and lowest in endocrine surgery (15.1% and 3.3%).

conclusionsMore than 1 in 4 elective surgical patients report high-risk substance use before surgery. These findings support universal preoperative substance use screening to identify patients at elevated risk for adverse perioperative outcomes and enable targeted risk mitigation.

Indexed as

Elective Surgical ProceduresSubstance-Related DisordersAdultAgedCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedPrevalenceRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicRisk FactorsYoung Adult

Identifiers

PMID42065385
PMCPMC13317074

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.