Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42067713›Full record

SynthesisEndocrine2026

Endocrine toxicities in immune checkpoint inhibitors and tyrosine kinase inhibitors combined treatment: from clinical trials to real-life practice.

Sabrina Chiloiro, Maria Grazia Maratta, Simone Antonio De Sanctis, Flavia Costanza, Ernesto Rossi, Emanuele Vita, Antonella Giampietro, Francesco Pavese, Olga Martelli, Ida Paris and 6 more

Abstract readSystematic Review
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Endocrine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Sabrina ChiloiroSchool of Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy. sabrina.chiloiro@unicatt.it.ORCID 0000-0001-9241-2392
Maria Grazia MarattaSchool of Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
Simone Antonio De SanctisSchool of Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
Flavia CostanzaSchool of Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
Ernesto RossiSchool of Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
Emanuele VitaSchool of Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
Antonella GiampietroSchool of Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
Francesco PaveseSchool of Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
Olga MartelliComprehensive Cancer Center, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
Ida ParisSchool of Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
Antonio BianchiSchool of Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
Giovanni SchinzariSchool of Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
Laura De MarinisSchool of Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
Anna FagottiSchool of Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
Giampaolo TortoraSchool of Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
Alfredo PontecorviSchool of Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Combination therapies with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have revolutionized the landscape of cancer treatment, improving the quality of life and overall survival of patients. A deep knowledge of the side effects of ICIs and TKIs combination therapy is mandatory to ensure patient compliance and improve clinical outcomes. Both ICIs and TKIs may cause endocrinopathies such as thyroid dysfunction, adrenal insufficiency, hypophysitis, and diabetes mellitus. To avoid life-threatening conditions and improve patient’s compliance and outcomes, an early diagnosis of endocrine toxicity should be achieved and a multidisciplinary approach involving both endocrinologists and oncologists may be beneficial. This review specifically examines the endocrine adverse events reported in the clinical trials of ICI plus TKI combined treatment, their underlying mechanisms, and practical management guidelines.

Indexed as

Endocrine System DiseasesImmune Checkpoint InhibitorsNeoplasmsProtein Kinase InhibitorsClinical Trials as TopicHumansTyrosine Kinase InhibitorsImmune Checkpoint InhibitorsProtein Kinase InhibitorsTyrosine Kinase InhibitorsAdverse eventsCancer treatmentCombination therapyImmune checkpoint inhibitorsSide effectsTyrosine kinase inhibitors

Identifiers

PMID42067713
PMCPMC13134991

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.