Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42067987›Full record

ArticleCNS neuroscience & therapeutics2026

AI-Driven Hemodynamic Detection of Self-Induced Daydreaming With EMG-Based Physiological Triggers During Pre- and Post-Prandial States Using fNIRS and EGG.

Anusha Ishtiaq, Zia Mohy-Ud-Din, Abdullah Al Aishan, Noman Naseer, Syed Ghufran Khalid, Jahan Zeb Gul

Abstract read
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Article in CNS neuroscience & therapeutics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Anusha IshtiaqDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Air University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Zia Mohy-Ud-DinDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Air University, Islamabad, Pakistan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5756-7284
Abdullah Al AishanDepartment of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
Noman NaseerDepartment of Mechatronics Engineering, Air University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Syed Ghufran KhalidDepartment of Engineering, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0305-5678
Jahan Zeb GulDepartment of Electronic Engineering, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1230-2546

Funding

The authors extend their appreciation to the Deanship of Research and Graduate Studies at King Khalid University, KSA, for funding this work through Small Research Group under grant number (RGP.1/64/46) RGP.1/64/46
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundDaydreaming can be monitored either to avoid it while doing hands-on tasks or to enhance it to foster creativity. Although significant research has been conducted in Brain recordings and Machine learning, some problems have not received sufficient attention. One of them is the automated identification and classification of daydream states with emphasis on physiological signals and prandial states. Until now, researchers have been relying only on subjective questionnaire-based methods of daydream identification, neglecting neural hemodynamics. METHODOLOGY: In this study, EMG-based physiological triggers have been incorporated to detect self-induced daydream episodes in pre- and post-meal prandial states. For the AI-driven hemodynamic monitoring of the brain in relation to the analysis of the electrical activity of the stomach during self-induced daydreaming, fNIRS and EGG signals of 30 participants were recorded, preprocessed, and investigated simultaneously. Both the duration and frequency of the daydreaming episodes were analyzed using these two modalities, which were further subjected to a feature extraction and class label encoding process to facilitate a four-class classification of daydreaming and prandial state. RESULTS AND

conclusionMachine learning models were incorporated for classification and resulted in the highest testing accuracy of 90.77% for daydream detection and gave insights into the connection between meal consumption and daydreaming. FUTURE WORK: In the future, this study could serve as the preliminary basis for multimodal monitoring systems used to assess the state of cognition in parallel with the analysis of meal intake patterns. This research can also lead to the development of person-specific treatments in the domain of mental and attentional health.

Indexed as

Artificial IntelligenceElectromyographyFeeding BehaviorHemodynamicsPostprandial PeriodAdultFemaleHumansMaleSpectroscopy, Near-InfraredYoung AdultAI‐based detectiondaydreamingEGGEMG triggerfNIRSML classifiersprandial state

Identifiers

PMID42067987
PMCPMC13135031

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.