Evidence mapPaperPMID 42070013Full record

SynthesisAmerican journal of cardiovascular drugs : drugs, devices, and other interventions2026

Formulation-Specific Cardiovascular Outcomes with High-Dose Eicosapentaenoic Acid: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Muhammad Anas Faheem, Bazil Azeem, Talha Ali, Rabia Asim, Tazheen Saleh Muhammad, Mata-E-Alla Dogar, Muhammad Abdullah Naveed

Abstract readSystematic ReviewMeta-Analysis
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in American journal of cardiovascular drugs : drugs, devices, and other interventions, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Muhammad Anas FaheemDepartment of Medicine, Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.
Bazil AzeemDepartment of Medicine, Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Medical College Lyari, Karachi, Pakistan.
Talha AliDepartment of Medicine, Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Medical College Lyari, Karachi, Pakistan. talhaali190@gmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0000-3208-653X
Rabia AsimDepartment of Medicine, Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Medical College Lyari, Karachi, Pakistan.
Tazheen Saleh MuhammadDepartment of Medicine, Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Medical College Lyari, Karachi, Pakistan.
Mata-E-Alla DogarDepartment of Medicine, Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Medical College Lyari, Karachi, Pakistan.
Muhammad Abdullah NaveedDepartment of Medicine, Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND/

objectiveResidual cardiovascular risk persists despite intensive statin therapy in patients with established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD). Omega-3 fatty acids, particularly high-dose eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), have been proposed as adjunctive therapy, yet trial results conflict, likely due to formulation differences. We conducted a formulation-focused meta-analysis to determine whether high-dose EPA-dominant supplementation reduces cardiovascular events and to quantify the impact of mixed EPA/docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) regimens on efficacy.

methodsFollowing Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL, and trial registries through May 2025 for randomized controlled trials, including placebo-controlled and open-label designs, of high-dose EPA-dominant omega-3 (≥ 1.8 g/day; ≥ 50% EPA) in adults with established CVD or other high-risk settings. Six trials (n = 42,738; 31-85% male) were eligible. Random-effects models generated pooled risk ratios (RRs), with I

resultsEPA-based therapy significantly reduced hospitalizations for unstable angina (RR 0.75, 95% CI 0.66-0.87; I

conclusionHigh-dose EPA-dominant therapy was associated with fewer unstable angina hospitalizations, and formulation appeared to modify clinical benefit. Among blinded, placebo-controlled, cardiovascular outcomes trials, 4 g/day icosapent ethyl is the only formulation independently associated with reduced cardiovascular events. Larger formulation-specific trials are needed to clarify the roles of purified EPA, mixed EPA/DHA regimens, and patient selection. REGISTRATION: PROSPERO identifier number: CRD420251063069.

Indexed as

Cardiovascular DiseasesEicosapentaenoic AcidDietary SupplementsDocosahexaenoic AcidsHumansRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicDocosahexaenoic AcidsEicosapentaenoic Acid

Identifiers

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.