ReviewBiomedicines2026
Resting and Exercise Lactate Dynamics in Heart Failure: Guiding Therapeutic Optimization.
Review in Biomedicines, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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0 citing papers in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In heart failure (HF), elevated blood lactate levels, particularly during exercise or in advanced disease stages, reflect impaired tissue perfusion and altered metabolic regulation. Beyond its traditional role as a marker of anaerobic metabolism, lactate has emerged as a dynamic indicator of metabolic reserve and ventilatory control. This narrative review summarizes current evidence on lactate dynamics at rest and during exercise, highlighting their pathophysiological and clinical relevance. In HF patients, exercise-induced lactate accumulation occurs earlier and at lower workloads, reflecting impaired oxidative capacity and reduced peripheral oxygen utilization. This phenomenon is closely associated with ventilatory inefficiency, as demonstrated by the relationship between lactate levels and the VE/VCO
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