ReviewBiomolecules2026
The Role of Neutrophil, Monocyte and Macrophage Calprotectin and S100A12 in the Fibrotic Process.
Review in Biomolecules, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Fibrosis is a progressive and irreversible mechanism affecting any organ. During tissue injury, fibroblast activation is necessary for wound healing but the uncontrolled accumulation of fibrotic tissue leads to local organ damage. The fibrotic process involves the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix components and inflammatory mediators. Since sustained inflammation precedes fibrosis, the involvement of immune cells, like neutrophils, monocytes and macrophages, is crucial to elucidate its pathogenesis. These immune cells release proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, and also proteins that act as fibroblast proliferation mediators, such as the S100/calgranulins subgroup, comprising S100A8, S100A9, and S100A12 proteins. Moreover, a homodimer of S100A8 binds to a homodimer of S100A9 forming the heterodimer S100A8/A9, called calprotectin, which is abundant in the cytosol of neutrophils during immune activation. Although calprotectin (S100A8/A9) is the most predominant form, calgranulins S100A8 and S100A9 have independent functions of calprotectin (S100A8/9) complex formation. These calcium-binding proteins have proinflammatory functions and are potential inflammation biomarkers. More evidence in different fibrosis disorders highlights their role as relevant fibroblast proliferation mediators and prognosis markers. Hence, this review focuses on the current understanding of the role of S100A8, S100A9, and S100A12 calgranulins and calprotectin (S100A8/A9) in the fibrotic process of different disorders, and their potential application as disease severity and prognosis biomarkers.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.