ReviewCancers2026
Extracellular Vesicle-Associated miRNAs in Glioblastoma: Mechanisms, Biomarkers, Therapies, and Links to Neurodegeneration.
Review in Cancers, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- The immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment in glioblastoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) facilitate intercellular communication in glioblastoma (GBM) by transferring microRNAs (miRNAs). GBM is the most aggressive primary brain tumor in adults, and despite multimodal therapy, the median survival remains approximately 15 months. Current diagnostic approaches, including contrast-enhanced MRI, are insufficient to reliably distinguish true tumor progression from pseudoprogression. Moreover, therapeutic efficacy is limited by intratumoral heterogeneity, acquired resistance, and the restrictive nature of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). In this context, EV-associated miRNAs (EV-miRNAs) contribute to GBM progression by regulating proliferation, angiogenesis, invasion, therapeutic resistance, and immune evasion. Notably, several EV-miRNAs are dysregulated in both GBM and neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), suggesting shared molecular pathways across central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Circulating tumor-derived EV-miRNAs represent promising liquid biopsy biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and longitudinal treatment monitoring. Beyond their biomarker potential, EVs can be engineered as nanocarriers capable of crossing the BBB to deliver therapeutic cargo, including inhibitors of oncogenic miRNAs (e.g., miR-21) or tumor-suppressive miRNAs (e.g., miR-124). This review summarizes the molecular functions, biomarker applications, and therapeutic strategies of EV-miRNAs in GBM. We further discuss current challenges related to methodological standardization, scalable production, and clinical translation. Collectively, advancing the understanding and clinical implementation of EV-miRNAs may provide new opportunities for precision diagnostics and therapeutic innovation in GBM.
Indexed as
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.