Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42074445›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2026

A Comparative Case Study of Collaborative Governance for Intersectoral Extreme Heat Response in Vancouver, Toronto, and Montreal, Canada.

Stephanie Simpson, Mélanie S S Seabrook, Erica Di Ruggiero, Lara Gautier, Fiona A Miller, Monika Roerig, Edward Xie, Sara Allin

Abstract readComparative Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Stephanie SimpsonInstitute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3M6, Canada.ORCID 0009-0003-8685-3935
Mélanie S S SeabrookInstitute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3M6, Canada.ORCID 0000-0003-0490-1466
Erica Di RuggieroInstitute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3M6, Canada.
Lara GautierDepartment of Health Management, Evaluation and Policy, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3N 1X9, Canada.
Fiona A MillerInstitute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3M6, Canada.ORCID 0000-0003-4953-6255
Monika RoerigInstitute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3M6, Canada.
Edward XieInstitute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3M6, Canada.ORCID 0000-0003-1498-3530
Sara AllinInstitute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3M6, Canada.ORCID 0000-0002-0579-8985

Funding

CIHR 502936
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Climate change is an urgent global crisis requiring collaboration across sectors, including public health. In Canada, extreme heat is a leading cause of weather-related mortality, and cities play a central role in mitigating health impacts. This study examined the governance mechanisms shaping intersectoral extreme heat response in Vancouver, Toronto, and Montreal, Canada. Using a comparative case study methodology, we conducted semi-structured interviews (N = 28) and reviewed local heat response documents (N = 30) between November 2023 and December 2024. Thematic analysis informed cross-case comparisons of governance mechanisms shaping collaborative efforts. Across cases, legislative mandates, formal response plans, and coordinating structures for network engagement supported effective intersectoral collaboration. However, collaboration varied in terms of network governance leadership, intersectoral scope (i.e., the type and number of sectors involved), degree of engagement, and the roles of public health authorities. Co-leadership across sectors in Montreal seems to enable greater intersectoral engagement and integration of heat strategies. Areas for improvement include community-engaged heat response planning and enhanced capacity for conducting heat response outcome evaluations. Public health authorities may inform the strategic direction of future heat strategies by supporting the application of a population health lens and facilitating intersectoral collaboration to better address the upstream determinants of heat health inequities.

Indexed as

Extreme HeatIntersectoral CollaborationPublic HealthBritish ColumbiaCanadaClimate ChangeCooperative BehaviorHumansOntarioQuebecCanadaclimate changecollaborative governancecomparative case studyextreme heathealth equityintersectoral collaborationmulti-level governancenetwork governancepublic health

Identifiers

PMID42074445
PMCPMC13115994

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.