Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42075038›Full record

ArticleNutrients2026

The Role of Hydrolysed Rice Formula in the Dietary Management of Infants with Cow's Milk Allergy: A UK Healthcare Perspective.

Nick Makwana, Lauren Arpe, Aneta Ivanova, Helen Evans-Howells, Claire Trigg, Bahee Van de Bor, Joanne Walsh, Annette Weaver, Rachel Wood, Carina Venter and 2 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nutrients, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Observational
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Nick MakwanaSandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals, Birmingham B71 4HJ, UK.
Lauren ArpeGastroenterology Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London WC1N 3JH, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-8907-2558
Aneta IvanovaSandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals, Birmingham B71 4HJ, UK.
Helen Evans-HowellsDr Helen Allergy, Ringwood BH24 1HP, UK.
Claire TriggRoyal Glamorgan Hospital, Ynysmaerdy, Pontyclun CF72 8XR, UK.ORCID 0009-0004-2631-5200
Bahee Van de BorUK Kids Nutrition, London W1G 9PF, UK.ORCID 0009-0002-2188-9235
Joanne WalshCastle Partnership, Norwich NR3 1SE, UK.
Annette WeaverAllergy UK, Crayford DA1 4SL, UK.
Rachel WoodManchester Children's Hospital, Manchester M13 9WL, UK.
Carina VenterSection of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-7473-5355
Yvan VandenplasKidZ Health Castle, UZ Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium.ORCID 0000-0002-1862-8651
Rosan MeyerDepartment Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Cow's milk allergy (CMA) remains one of the most common food allergies in infancy, requiring the avoidance of cow's milk and its derivatives. Breast milk is the best source of nutrition for infants. For those infants with CMA whose mothers are unable to breastfeed or choose not to, extensively hydrolysed formulas (eHFs) are widely recommended as first-line milk substitutes, whereas hydrolysed rice formulas (HRFs) are increasingly recognised as a viable alternative. This concept paper provides a healthcare professional (HCP) perspective on HRF, drawing on expert consensus from two meetings convened in 2025. Discussions noted the long history of safe and effective HRF use in Europe, its nutritional adequacy, and the evolving international guidelines supporting HRF as an alternative first-line option. A key meeting outcome was the development of a practical decision tree to help UK clinicians decide when HRF should be the preferred choice. Key considerations for its use in non-breastfed infants include the following: parental/caregiver stress related to persistent symptoms; ongoing symptoms despite multiple interventions; cultural and lifestyle choices; religious dietary requirements; and specialists' recommendations. Secondary considerations highlighted by HCPs include the following: proven reactions whilst infants are breast-milk-fed together with parental request for formula; faltering growth; multiple symptoms; taste acceptance (older infants); and parental preference based on experience. The role of functional components, such as prebiotics and human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), was noted in regard to the emerging evidence of benefits to the microbiome and immune development. The experts emphasised the importance of engaging HCPs across all levels of CMA care and addressing challenges in translating current guidance into treatment practice. It was concluded that, overall, HRF represents a nutritionally complete, plant-based alternative that has been shown to be well tolerated (taste, symptoms) in clinical studies. It can be used to broaden therapeutic options for infants with CMA in the UK who are not exclusively fed breast milk.

Indexed as

Infant FormulaMilk HypersensitivityOryzaAnimalsFemaleHumansInfantInfant Nutritional Physiological PhenomenaProtein HydrolysatesUnited KingdomProtein Hydrolysatescow’s milk allergyhydrolysed formulahydrolysed rice formulainfant allergyinfant feeding

Identifiers

PMID42075038
PMCPMC13118930

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.