Advances in Nanotechnology-Assisted Delivery of TCM-Derived Bioactive Compounds for Wound Repair.

Healing skin wounds is still difficult in many clinical situations, especially when the wounds are chronic or infected. These wounds often stay inflamed for long periods, and the risk of bacterial invasion is high. Oxidative stress tends to increase as well, while the formation of new blood vessels is often inadequate. Because of these factors, wound repair depends on the proper coordination of several biological events. These include basic antimicrobial activities, the control and resolution of inflammation, protection against oxidative damage, the rebuilding of collagen structures, and the development of new vascular networks. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) provides many active compounds. These compounds work on many targets and through different pathways. They show good potential in wound treatment. But many TCM compounds have poor solubility in water. They are also unstable, have low bioavailability, and do not pass through the skin easily. These problems limit their use in clinical settings. Nanotechnology offers new ways to solve these problems. Nanodelivery systems can improve the solubility and stability of active compounds. They can also help the compounds enter the skin and stay in the wound area. Many types of nanocarriers have been developed, such as liposomes, polymer nanoparticles, nanogels, and inorganic nanomaterials. These systems can also provide controlled release or release that responds to the wound environment. This can make the treatment more accurate. In this review, we summarize how major TCM-derived compounds support wound repair and describe the biological mechanisms behind their effects. We also discuss recent nanodelivery approaches that aim to strengthen these therapeutic actions. These combinations can improve antibacterial performance, shape the immune response, reduce reactive oxygen species, and help the skin close more quickly. We also point out several challenges, such as concerns about material safety, the need for more consistent herbal extraction methods, gaps in mechanistic understanding, and the difficulty of producing these formulations on a large scale. Taken together, these points suggest that nanodelivery approaches using TCM-derived compounds still need more careful study and steady improvement before they can be used more widely in wound care.