Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42076830›Full record

ArticleJournal of diabetes research2026

Qiling Hushen Formula Ameliorates Type 2 Diabetic Kidney Disease via Gut-Kidney Axis Restoration and TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 Suppression.

Yuxin Wang, Pei Sheng, Xue Wang, Min Lin, Wentao Cai, Shiyao Wei, Yuyun Du, Ming Yan, Lei Wang, Xiaofei An

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of diabetes research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Yuxin WangSchool of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China, cpu.edu.cn.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0253-8677
Pei ShengDepartment of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China, njucm.edu.cn.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4231-1232
Xue WangNew Drug Screening and Pharmacodynamics Evaluation Center, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China, cpu.edu.cn.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4615-1276
Min LinNew Drug Screening and Pharmacodynamics Evaluation Center, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China, cpu.edu.cn.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8984-5669
Wentao CaiSchool of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China, cpu.edu.cn.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6532-038X
Shiyao WeiDepartment of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China, njucm.edu.cn.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1968-8509
Yuyun DuDepartment of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China, njucm.edu.cn.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3379-2734
Ming YanNew Drug Screening and Pharmacodynamics Evaluation Center, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China, cpu.edu.cn.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8507-9990
Lei WangSchool of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China, cpu.edu.cn.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4436-0174
Xiaofei AnDepartment of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China, njucm.edu.cn.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7589-9894

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China 82374386
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

contextQiling Hushen Formula (QLHSF) has been widely used in clinical treatment for Type 2 diabetic kidney disease (T2DKD), yet its mechanism remains unclear.

objectiveThis study is aimed at elucidating the protective effects and mechanisms of QLHSF on T2DKD mice.

methodsChemical components of QLHSF were analyzed via ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS). After 6 weeks of QLHSF intervention in C57BL/KSJ db/db mice, urine and serum samples were collected to measure biochemical parameters, inflammatory cytokines, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels. Renal and colonic tissues were sectioned and subjected to histopathological staining. To evaluate the diversity and abundance of the gut microbiota, its composition was determined through 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Expression levels of colonic tight junction proteins, along with key proteins involved in the renal TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway and NLRP3 inflammasome activation, were measured.

resultsQLHSF decreased proteinuria and improved renal function in T2DKD mice. Renal pathological injuries and intestinal barrier destruction were also alleviated. Analysis of 16S rRNA sequencing data demonstrated that QLHSF significantly modulated the gut microbiota composition, enriching beneficial bacteria such as g_Bacteroides, g_Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, g_Alistipes, g_Muribaculum, g_Odoribacter, and g_Lachnoclostridium. QLHSF treatment led to a reduction in serum LPS levels and inhibition of the renal TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway, leading to reduced inflammatory cytokine production.

conclusionsIn T2DKD mice, QLHSF ameliorated proteinuria and renal injury through modulation of the gut microbiota, preservation of intestinal barrier integrity, and inhibition of the renal TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway. These findings elucidate the pharmacological mechanism of QLHSF and provide strong experimental support for its clinical application in the treatment of T2DKD.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Diabetic NephropathiesDrugs, Chinese HerbalGastrointestinal MicrobiomeKidneyNF-kappa BNLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 ProteinToll-Like Receptor 4AnimalsBacteriaChromatography, LiquidColonCytokinesDiabetes Mellitus, ExperimentalIntestinal Barrier FunctionLipopolysaccharidesCytokinesDrugs, Chinese HerbalLipopolysaccharidesNF-kappa BNLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 ProteinNlrp3 protein, mouseRNA, Ribosomal, 16STlr4 protein, mouseToll-Like Receptor 4gut-kidney axisgut microbiotaintestinal barrierQiling Hushen FormulaTLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathwayType 2 diabetic kidney disease

Identifiers

PMID42076830
PMCPMC13136592

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.