Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42080239›Full record

ArticleAlzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association2026

Measuring "third places": Comparing neighborhood data for cognitive health research.

Jessica M Finlay, David Rigby, Amber DeJohn, Yue Sun, Brigette A Davis, Arwa Aldulaimy, Desiree Alvarez-McNelis, Ainsley Bowie, Karis Hawkins, Zhe Lin and 11 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. The social environment and cognitive aging over the life course: laying out critical concepts and research gaps.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

21 authors.

Jessica M FinlayDepartment of Geography, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3427-8003
David RigbyInstitute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Amber DeJohnDepartment of Geography, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA.
Yue SunDepartment of Geography, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA.
Brigette A DavisDivision of General Medicine and Geriatrics, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA.
Arwa AldulaimyInstitute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Desiree Alvarez-McNelisInstitute for Social Research and Data Innovation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
Ainsley BowiePublic Health Program, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA.
Karis HawkinsInstitute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Zhe LinDepartment of Geography, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA.
Weining KanDepartment of Geography, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA.
Taylor S KetterhagenInstitute of Behavioral Science, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA.
Xinyu LinInstitute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Stephen B LiwurDepartment of Geography, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA.
Mallory SagehornDepartment of Geography, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA.
Laine SullivanDepartment of Geography, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA.
Lucy VaughanInstitute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Shangrui ZhuDepartment of Geography, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA.
Ania BerryPublic Health Program, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA.
Margaret T HickenInstitute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Michael H EspositoInstitute for Social Research and Data Innovation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.

Funding

Gateway Exposome Coordinating Center (GECC) For AD/ADRD ResearchU24AG088894 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI Sara Adar, David Michael Keith Knapp · 2024 to 2026
$14.8M
DNA methylation in context: Racial inequities in social adversity and vulnerability to the health impact of air pollution - Diversity Supplement (Fike)R01AG074887 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI HICKEN, MARGARET TAKAKO · 2021 to 2025
$3.4M
Addressing the Midlife Mortality Crisis: Place-Based Modeling, Trend Analysis and Policy InterventionsR01AG080483 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO · PI Myron P. Gutmann · 2023 to 2026
$2.3M
Aging in Place since the COVID-19 Pandemic Onset: A Study of Neighborhoods and Cognitive Health among Older AmericansR00AG075152 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO · PI FINLAY, JESSICA MARIE · 2023 to 2025
$727k
NIA NIH HHS R00 AG075152NIA NIH HHS R01 AG074887NIA NIH HHS R01 AG080483NIA NIH HHS U24 AG088894NIH HHS R00AG075152NIH HHS R01AG074887NIH HHS R01AG080483NIH HHS U24AG088894
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionNeighborhood "third places" are increasingly studied as contextual determinants of cognitive health, yet the reliability of geospatial datasets is poorly understood.

methodsWe evaluated Advan Research, Data Axle, FourSquare, and the National Establishment Time Series (NETS) across five categories: cafes/coffee shops, civic/social organizations, libraries, performing arts/museums, and recreation centers/gyms. Bayesian multilevel logistic regression models estimated locational accuracy and categorical validity for 13,168 coder ratings of 4876 unique businesses. Qualitative content analysis examined reflections from 18 coders.

resultsAdvan showed high locational accuracy (≥95%), with Data Axle and FourSquare performing well for most categories and NETS the lowest. Inaccuracies stemmed from outdated or incorrect addresses and non-fixed locations. Advan, Data Axle, and FourSquare performed moderately well for categorization (70% to 97%) and NETS the worst. Misclassification reflected ambiguous purposes, misleading names, and uncertainty around third places. DISCUSSION: Study-specific dataset selection, triangulation, cleaning, error calibration, and clearer third place conceptualization are critical to strengthen neighborhood-based dementia research.

Indexed as

CognitionNeighborhood CharacteristicsResidence CharacteristicsBayes TheoremHumansReproducibility of Resultsbuilt environmentbusiness establishmentsdata validitydementia riskexposomegeospatial datalocation accuracymixed‐methods evaluationsocial infrastructurethird place categorization

Identifiers

PMID42080239
PMCPMC13137289

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.