Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42085380›Full record

ArticlePloS one2026

Preliminary validation of the 15-item WHO ageism experiences scale in a mixed-age UK sample.

Aja Louise Murray, Xuefei Li, Tom Booth

Abstract readValidation Study
In one paragraph

Article in PloS one, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Aja Louise MurrayDepartment of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9068-3188
Xuefei LiDepartment of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8653-3274
Tom BoothDepartment of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAgeism, defined as stereotypes, prejudices and discrimination based on a person's age is prevalent and negatively impacts individuals and society. In 2016, the World Health Organization (WHO) received a mandate from its Member States to lead the global campaign to combat ageism. However, success in combating ageism is critically dependent on the availability of valid and reliable measures of people's experiences of ageism that can capture its multidimensional nature and as it is directed against multiple age groups across diverse country settings. The goal of current study is to present a preliminary psychometric validation of a measure specifically designed to meet this need: the 15-item WHO Ageism Experiences Scale. The scale includes items measuring self-directed, interpersonal, and institutional ageism and spans stereotypes, prejudices, and discrimination.

methodWe collected data from a UK mixed-age adult sample (N = 402), and several psychometric properties were tested, including internal consistency reliability, test-retest reliability, and convergent validity.

resultsResults suggested that the 15-item WHO Ageism Experiences Scale has good internal consistency (where relevant) and test-retest reliability. The exploratory factor analysis supported a one-factor model for self-directed ageism items. The scale also proved to have adequate convergent validity. DISCUSSION: The results provide sufficient support for the adoption of the scale in this population and motivates its translation and validation in other settings, as well as the evaluation of a more extended set of psychometric properties in future studies.

Indexed as

AgeismPsychometricsAdolescentAdultAgedFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedReproducibility of ResultsStereotypingSurveys and QuestionnairesUnited KingdomWorld Health OrganizationYoung Adult

Identifiers

PMID42085380
PMCPMC13143091

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.