Evidence mapPaperPMID 42090337Full record

ReviewJMIR diabetes2026

Continuous Glucose Monitoring-Derived Metrics and Cardiovascular Risk Among People With Diabetes: Systematic Scoping Review.

Helene Bei Thomsen, Benjamin Lebiecka-Johansen, Ole Nørgaard, Tue Helms Andersen, Signe Toft Andersen, Guy Fagherazzi, Adam Hulman, Anders Aasted Isaksen

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in JMIR diabetes, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Helene Bei ThomsenSteno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 11, Aarhus, Central Denmark Region, 8200, Denmark, +45 23 70 74 81.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0000-9059-3038
Benjamin Lebiecka-JohansenSteno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 11, Aarhus, Central Denmark Region, 8200, Denmark, +45 23 70 74 81.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6516-4757
Ole NørgaardDanish Diabetes Knowledge Center, Department of Education, Copenhagen University Hospital - Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1681-4338
Tue Helms AndersenDanish Diabetes Knowledge Center, Department of Education, Copenhagen University Hospital - Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2108-674X
Signe Toft AndersenSteno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 11, Aarhus, Central Denmark Region, 8200, Denmark, +45 23 70 74 81.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5183-3502
Guy FagherazziDepartment of Precision Health, Deep Digital Phenotyping Research Unit, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5033-5966
Adam HulmanSteno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 11, Aarhus, Central Denmark Region, 8200, Denmark, +45 23 70 74 81.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3969-1000
Anders Aasted IsaksenSteno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 11, Aarhus, Central Denmark Region, 8200, Denmark, +45 23 70 74 81.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8457-5466

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Conventional clinical markers guide cardiovascular risk stratification; however, continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) data remain absent from prediction models. A synthesis of the current literature is needed to clarify the prognostic relevance of CGM data for cardiovascular outcomes in people with diabetes. Objective: This scoping review aimed to identify published studies examining (1) the associations between glycemic control and cardiovascular outcomes and (2) the predictive value of CGM-derived metrics in cardiovascular risk assessment. Methods: MEDLINE and Embase were searched from inception to March 11, 2025, for peer-reviewed, original research that included CGM-derived metrics and cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes. Two reviewers screened the records independently. Results: A total of 53 studies were identified. These studies focused on type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, both diabetes types, or prediabetes. Clinical outcomes were examined in 16 studies, while subclinical outcomes were assessed in 40 studies. Of the 53 studies, 47 were cross-sectional studies and 6 were longitudinal studies. All studies were association studies, and 3 included secondary analyses of predictive performance. However, none applied machine learning-based methods. A wide range of CGM-derived metrics and CVD outcomes, both clinical and subclinical, were studied in the literature. Conclusions: Overall, the findings were inconsistent across studies, and this was likely due to methodological weaknesses such as underpowered analyses. Time-in-range was both the most studied metric and associated with cardiovascular risk in the largest single study. Only the mean amplitude of glycemic excursions was consistently associated with CVD in most studies investigating this metric, when using statistical significance as a pragmatic indicator of consistency across heterogeneous studies. The prognostic value of CGM-derived metrics for CVD outcomes is currently underexplored. Longitudinal prediction studies on clinical CVD outcomes, leveraging the potential of routinely collected CGM data, are needed.

Indexed as

associationblood glucosecardiovascular diseasecardiovascular riskcontinuous glucose monitoringdiabetespredictionscoping review

Identifiers

PMID42090337
PMCPMC13148326

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.