Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42091978›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2026

Nano-liposomal delivery of Gracilaria corticata bioactive peptides for improved stability and controlled gastrointestinal release.

Mojtaba Heydari-Majd, Farideh Mahmoodi, Hassan Rezaeinia, Ramin Saravani, Mohammad Molaveisi, Mostafa Shahidi Noghabi, Heidar Meftahizade, Somayeh Dahmardeh

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Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Mojtaba Heydari-MajdDepartment of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Ardakan University, P.O. Box 184, Ardakan, Iran.
Farideh MahmoodiDepartment of Food Science and Technology, Quchan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Quchan, Iran.
Hassan RezaeiniaDepartment of Food Nanotechnology, Research Institute of Food Science and Technology (RIFST), Km 12 Mashhad-Quchan Highway, P.O. Box 91895/157/356, Mashhad, Iran.
Ramin SaravaniCellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran. raminsaravani@gmail.com.
Mohammad MolaveisiDepartment of Food Chemistry, Research Institute of Food Science and Technology, Mashhad-Quchan Highway, PO Box 91735-147, Mashhad, Iran. molaveisi@sdut.edu.cn.
Mostafa Shahidi NoghabiDepartment of Food Chemistry, Research Institute of Food Science and Technology, Mashhad-Quchan Highway, PO Box 91735-147, Mashhad, Iran.
Heidar MeftahizadeDepartment of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Ardakan University, Ardakan, Iran.
Somayeh DahmardehFaculty of Pharmacy, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study aimed to develop and evaluate a liposomal nano-delivery system for bioactive peptide fractions (PFs) derived from Gracilaria corticata algae proteins. The peptides were obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis using alcalase, pancreatin, and trypsin. The resulting PF-loaded nanoliposomes were characterized in terms of degree of hydrolysis (DH), particle size, ζ-potential, encapsulation efficiency (EE), and antioxidant capacity (DPPH and ABTS assays). Among the tested enzymes, alcalase produced hydrolysates with the highest DH (33%) and EE (84%). The particle size of nanoliposomes ranged from 68.1 to 78.1 nm, with PDI values between 0.28 and 0.32, indicating good size uniformity. ζ-potential values became more negative upon PF encapsulation (from - 7.90 to - 15.80 mV), enhancing colloidal stability. Antioxidant activity of the PF-loaded liposomes was preserved, with maximum DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging observed for alcalase and pancreatin hydrolysates, respectively. Hydrolysates obtained with alcalase were chosen for further studies. Further structural and thermal analyses (TEM, FTIR, and DSC) confirmed successful PF encapsulation and improved thermal stability. TEM and FTIR analyses confirmed the spherical morphology and successful peptide encapsulation within the liposomal bilayer. In vitro release studies in simulated gastric and intestinal fluids demonstrated sustained release, with minimal PF release (7.45%) in gastric conditions and controlled release up to 95.4% under intestinal conditions. These findings suggest that nano-liposomal encapsulation is an effective strategy to enhance the stability, bioactivity, and delivery of marine-derived peptides in functional food or nutraceutical applications.

Indexed as

Gastrointestinal TractGracilariaLiposomesNanoparticlesPeptidesAntioxidantsBioactive Peptides, DietaryDelayed-Action PreparationsDrug Delivery SystemsHydrolysisParticle SizeAntioxidantsBioactive Peptides, DietaryDelayed-Action PreparationsLiposomesPeptidesBioactive peptidesEnzymatic hydrolysisGracilaria corticatedNano-liposomesSustained release

Identifiers

PMID42091978
PMCPMC13149635

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.