Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42092806›Full record

ArticleBMC pregnancy and childbirth2026

Association of pre-pregnancy and pregnancy sleep on the risk of postpartum depression: a nationwide birth cohort-the Japan Environment and Children's Study.

Yoshiko Suetsugu, Takehiro Michikawa, Seiichi Morokuma, Norio Hamada, Kimiyo Kikuchi, Subaru Ikeda, Yukiyo Shimada, Kiyoko Kato, Masayuki Ochiai, Mayumi Tsuji and 6 more

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Article in BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Yoshiko Suetsugu *Department of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
Takehiro Michikawa *Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan.
Seiichi MorokumaDepartment of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan. morokuma.seiichi.845@m.kyushu-u.ac.jp.
Norio HamadaResearch Center for Environment and Developmental Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
Kimiyo KikuchiInstitute for Asian and Oceanian Studies, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
Subaru IkedaDepartment of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
Yukiyo ShimadaResearch Center for Environment and Developmental Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
Kiyoko KatoResearch Center for Environment and Developmental Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
Masayuki OchiaiResearch Center for Environment and Developmental Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
Mayumi TsujiRegional Center for Japan Environment and Children's Study, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan.
Masayuki ShimonoRegional Center for Japan Environment and Children's Study, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan.
Kiyoshi YoshinoRegional Center for Japan Environment and Children's Study, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan.
Reiko SugaRegional Center for Japan Environment and Children's Study, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan.
Toshihiro KawamotoRegional Center for Japan Environment and Children's Study, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan.
Shoichi OhgaResearch Center for Environment and Developmental Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
Japan Environment and Children’s Study Group

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe association between pre-pregnancy sleep patterns and postpartum depression as well as the modifying effect of parity, remains insufficiently understood. This study examined the longitudinal associations of sleep before and during pregnancy on the risk of postpartum depression at one month postpartum, with additional analyses stratified by parity.

methodsData were obtained from the Japan Environment and Children's Study, a nationwide birth cohort study conducted between 2011 and 2014. A total of 65,477 women who completed questionnaires on demographic characteristics, obstetric factors, sleep patterns before and during pregnancy, and postpartum depression at one month postpartum were included. Relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for postpartum depression were estimated according to sleep duration, bedtime, sleep depth, and morning mood after adjusting for relevant covariates.

resultsA pre-pregnancy sleep duration of 8-9 h was associated with a lower risk of postpartum depression (RR = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.89-0.99). During pregnancy, sleeping less than 6 h and having bedtimes outside the 9:00 pm-midnight or midnight-3:00 am ranges were associated with increased risks of postpartum depression (RR = 1.19, 95% CI: 1.10-1.30; RR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.07-1.35, respectively). Very light and light sleep were strongly associated with higher risks (RR = 1.88, 95% CI: 1.76-2.01; RR = 1.37, 95% CI: 1.31-1.44, respectively). Additionally, waking in a very bad or bad mood during pregnancy markedly increased the risk of postpartum depression (RR = 2.22, 95% CI: 1.99-2.47; RR = 1.72, 95% CI: 1.64-1.79, respectively). In parity-stratified analyses, multiparous women with bedtimes between midnight and 3:00 am before or during pregnancy had elevated risks of postpartum depression, with significant effect modification (pre-pregnancy: RR = 1.11, 95% CI: 1.03-1.19, p = 0.001; pregnancy: RR = 1.12, 95% CI: 1.04-1.22, p = 0.01). Among multiparous women, waking in a very bad or bad mood during pregnancy was also strongly associated with postpartum depression, with a significant effect modification (RR = 2.65, 95% CI: 2.28-3.09; RR = 1.93, 95% CI: 1.80-2.06, respectively, p < 0.001).

conclusionsPre-pregnancy and pregnancy sleep patterns are associated with the risk of postpartum depression. Particularly, among multiparous women, late bedtimes before and during pregnancy may increase this risk. Improving sleep habits before and during pregnancy may contribute to the prevention of postpartum depression.

trial registrationClinical trial number: Not applicable.

Indexed as

Depression, PostpartumSleepAdultBirth CohortCohort StudiesFemaleHumansJapanLongitudinal StudiesParityPregnancyRisk FactorsSleep DurationSurveys and QuestionnairesBedtimePostpartum depressionPregnancyPre-pregnancySleep durationSleep quality

Identifiers

PMID42092806
PMCPMC13361562

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.