ArticleMolecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.)2026
Identification of the adhesion GPCR ADGRL4/ELTD1 as a novel potential prognostic biomarker for cerebral cavernous malformation disease.
Article in Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
20 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCerebral cavernous malformations (CCM) are angiographically occult vascular anomalies of the brain, characterized by dilated capillaries, increased vascular permeability, and loss of endothelial junctional protein complexes. Loss-of-function mutations in one of the three genes, namely KRIT1/CCM1, CCM2, and PDCD10/CCM3, have been associated with the disease pathogenesis, although the contribution of other genetic determinants besides CCM genes has been recently identified. Despite recent advances in understanding the molecular mechanism of the disease, the current lack of therapies and its unpredictable clinical behavior represent a significant challenge in the identification of diagnostic biomarkers. ADGRL4/ETLD1 (epidermal growth factor, latrophilin and seven transmembrane domain-containing protein 1), a G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) protein is a known biomarker of angiogenesis and inflammation, and it has been suggested to be a key therapeutic target for stroke and high-grade gliomas. However, the relevance of ELTD1 in CCM pathogenesis remains unexplored.
methodsThrough different analyses, including whole RNA transcriptome, immunohistochemistry, and real-time PCR, conducted in human CCM patients, cellular and animal models, herein we show the association between CCM disease and ELTD1.
resultsThe whole RNA transcriptome approaches demonstrated ELTD1 is differentially expressed, and gene expression analysis revealed it is significantly upregulated in surgically resected tissue and plasma samples from CCMs, and clinical correlation analysis showed that increased ELTD1 associates with the presence of Focal Neurological Deficits in patients. Immuno-expression showed a strong ELTD1 immunoreactivity in endothelial cells lining affected lesions. According to these elevated levels of ELTD1 in human patients, we also showed a robust increase in the expression level of ELTD1 in cellular and animal models of CCM disease.
conclusionsTaken together, our results demonstrate for the first time ELTD1 involvement in CCM pathogenesis, and its tight link with CCM genes. Thanks to this putative new prognostic biomarker, future clinical studies in larger patient cohorts will aim at improving the CCM disease management and risk stratification in patients, as well as placing the basis for targeted therapeutic strategies in CCM.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.