ArticleBMC infectious diseases2026
Multiple co-infections and risk of severe outcomes in children with respiratory syncytial virus infection.
Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
objectiveTo characterize co-infections in children with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and evaluate their association with disease severity.
methodsWe retrospectively analyzed 5, 586 children hospitalized with RSV infection at Tianjin Children's Hospital between January 2018 and December 2023. Patients were grouped by co-infection status: RSV alone, RSV with viral co-infection, RSV with bacterial co-infection, RSV with Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) co-infection, and RSV with multiple co-infections. Demographic characteristics, clinical features, and disease severity were compared across groups.
resultsOf the 5, 586 patients, 3, 835 had RSV alone, 476 had viral co-infections, 715 had bacterial co-infections, 312 had MP co-infections, and 248 had multiple co-infections. Children with multiple co-infections were older (median 3 vs. 0.5 years; P < 0.05), had longer fever and illness duration, and showed higher rates of severe pneumonia (all P < 0.05). Viral co-infections were more often associated with wheezing and chest retractions, while bacterial and MP co-infections were characterized by fever and cough.
conclusionsCo-infections in RSV-infected children were associated with distinct clinical patterns and differences in disease severity. Multiple co-infections were associated with a higher proportion of severe pneumonia and prolonged illness. Identifying co-infection patterns may help detect high-risk patients early and guide individualized management. CLINICAL
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